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In the 1850s Texans had interbred English cattle.
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By the 1850 s cattle ranchers and farmers had erected miles of barbed wire across open range to control access to land and water.
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In 1866 a steer that could bring about $4 in Texas could be sold for $40 or more in the eastern markets.
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In 1866 George Duffield headed a Long Drive.
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In 1874 Illinois farmer Joseph Glidden patented barbed wire.
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In the 1880s most mexican and mexican American cowboys worked on ranches in Texas.
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In 1882 cattle brought $35 a head in Chicago.
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In 1885 prices crashed as supply far exceeded demand.
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In 1885 they sold $8.
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By 1900, 10,000 Basques were living in the west.