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Indian Removal
Many American settlers wanted to expand and have land but on the land that they wanted there were still Indians who owned it so the Americans pressured the government to fix it. They tried many things like negotiating with them and making treaties and at some points going to war to fight for the land. Eventually the supreme court said that they could occupy it but they could own it and have the title. -
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Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie eventually became a railroad superintendent of the Pennsylvania railroad where he made big investments. He used these investments to start a steel corporation which made steel esier and faster to make but sold it and established a University in 1904. -
Manifest Destiny
This was during the 1840s the term starting in 1845. American Settlers would keep expanding all over and that it was unavoidable. When settleing around the continent they could have political and economic influences. -
Susan B. Anthony
She was born on February 15, 1820 in Adams, Massachusetts. In 1852 she joined the women's rights movement in 1852 because after teaching for a while she became a temperance but since she is a women she wouldn't speak at the rallies and that bothered her. She devoted much of her life to fight for women's rights such as to own property and retain their earnings. -
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Jane Adamms
Jane Adamms was a women of many things such as an author, public philosopher, and settlement social worker but what she is most known for is being a leader in women's suffrage and world peace. She was the second woman to win the peace prize and in 1919 she founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. During her lifetime she worked to bring peace and help the poor. -
Homestead Act
This act was to open settlement to anyone in America, including freed slaves. Homesteaders could successfully farm on the 270 million acres claimed. It made european immigrants want to settle on the Great Plains. -
Immigration and the American Dream
Immigration became a big thing in the United states with many people coming to find jobs and have a better life. The Railroad in 1869 was a big cause because many immigrants could go went to find jobs working on or along the railroads. The immigrants wanted to escape from poverty and religious discrimination and when they came they caused a big increase in population causeing cities to be over crowded. They thought that the next generation would have a better life than before. -
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Social Gospel
This was a reform movement that said that salvation could be reached by helping out the poor. It's effect was helping make settlement houses. If you were wealthy enough then you should give a portion of your money to go toward helping the poor. -
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The Gilded Age
This period in time was called The Gilded Age by Mark Twain. It was called this because from the outside everything looked fine and good but on the inside there were a lot of things going on such as poverty and scandals with politics, the economy wasn't doing as well as it looked to other people. -
Eugene V. Debs
He was born on this date and was a labor organizer and socialist leader. He started politics as a Democratic City Clark in 1879 and was elected Indiana State Assembly in 1885. He organized the American Railway Union which had a stike against a company in Chicago. He had opposition to the U.S. being involved in WW2 and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. -
Civil Service Reform
Was the assassination of Garfield, Pendleton Act of 1883 (merit system instead of spoils system to make office. Income tax. And Direct election of senators. -
Ida B. Wells
She was an African American journalist. She led an anti-lynching crusade in the U.S. in the 1890s. She struggles with racial problems throughout her life, one time she was forced to move to the car for African Americans on a train when she bought a first class ticket. These problems influenced her to write about them and many of her things got published in newspapers. When a lynch mob killed African Americans arrested for guarding a store it made Wells turn a lot of her writings about that. -
Haymarket Riot
This riot started out as a labor protest rally. It was locoated near Chicago's Haymarket Square. A person, who is not known, threw a bomb at police, during the riot at least 8 people (all but one were police officers) were killed and many were injured. This riot did not help the protest, it was rather seen as a setback. -
The Dawes Act
This was approved on February 8, 1887. This Act was supposed to encourage Indian tribes to break up and move onto reservations to become "Americanized". Government provided allotments to individual Native Americans. -
Political Machines
Organizations that traded social services and jobs to people if they got their votes. Usually it was run by a "boss" who had many people working for him but he would control everything. They would usually provide a lot for the poor and give donations of things for the public. In return people would vote for them again. -
William Jennings Bryan
He was an American politician elected for Congress two times, 1890 and 1892.He opposed high protective tariffs and wanted to bring the Democrats and Populists in Nebraska together. He was the first to look for voter support when nominated for the Populist Party. -
Klondike Gold Rush
On August 16, 1896, Skookum Jim Mason and Tagish Charlie found gold in Yukon region in Canada. This caused many to look for gold and find it, by the time it got out of Alaska many were on their way. The trip was hard but many (thousands) had hope. By the time most people got to the river, it was picked, most went home with nothing or very little. Caused many new towns to pop up and Alaska to become a source of raw materials. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
Initiative: citizens could bypass their state legislatures by making proposed statues.
Referendum: measure that appears on the ballot. There is legislative and popular referendum. Legislative requires certain measures for approval and popular allows all voters to approve. There is also advisory but it is rarely used.
Recall: Citizens can remove and replace people that are in office before they are supposed to end. -
Nativism
Because there was an increase in immigration in America in the 19th century, those who were born in the United States, natives, were scared that the immigrants would take all the jobs. Discrimination and racial tension worsened as well as groups such as the Ku Klux Klan grew bigger because of this, fighting for limitation of immigrants. -
Urbanization and industrialization
Because of the immigration in the United States cities grew around it and grew too big. Many couldn't have a decent place to stay, condition in homes were hard and unhealthy, water and sanitation was bad. Those immigrants that came and were children had to go to school to become "Americanized" and learn our ways. Because there were a lot more workers to work for industrialist, industrialism grew. Not only did immigrants help it grow but the creations of new tech. innovations. -
Third Parties Politics
The Third Parties were not the main but while the main parties were focusing on their things the third would the stuff that the main ignored. They can split up the major parties if they have similarities and help them win. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th president in September from 1901 to 1909. He was looked at as a modern president because he was young and expanded the executive office. He wanted social and economic justice and used executive order. He also made an aggressive foregin policy. -
Populism and Progressivism
Populism- Was for the farmers, to protect their industry and make political actions for it. The government should own railroads, telephones and don't let the big companies control all the prices.
Progressivism- reaction to the political and social problems. A lot of the social movements were women's rights, animal's rights, and civil rights. -
Dollar Diplomacy
President William Howard Taft made this with Secretary of State. They wanted to improve financial opportunity and it was supposed to create stability and promote American commercial interest. -
Upton Sinclair
He was the author that wrote The Jungle. The Jungle was a book that told about what was going on in the meat packing industry. The book said that the industry had horrible conditions such as rats falling into the grinders at some points and the workers not having bathrooms. His book became big and lead to the pure food and drug act. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Stops bad food from being made, sold, or transported. If they are adultretrated, misbranded, poisonous or deleterious food, medicine, drugs, or liquors. What was a big influence on this act was Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle. -
Muckraker
Popular authors and reformers just like Upton Sinclair because of his book The Jungle and Ida B. Wells because of her writings about her experiences and social issues. This term was used by President Roosevelt who thought some of them were irresponsible. -
16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
16th- income tax authorized by congress.
17th- direct election of senators. (1913)
18th- prohibition of the sale of alcoholic drinks. (1919)
19th- women's suffrage, gave women the right to vote. (1920) -
Federal Reserve Act
This act was supposed to help economic stability through banks. It let banks print money so that they can do this. They made this act because in the past many people didn't know if their money was safe where it was. It made 12 regional Federal Reserve banks in major cities for this. -
Sufferage
On this day, the 19th Amendment allowed women the right to vote. Many women have fought for this right for a long time, petitioned, lobbied, and protested, many not living long enough to see it happen. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
This happened in the 1920s and had to do with national security, oil companies, bribery, and corruption. It was a huge scandal that got it's name because oil reserve was by a rock formation that looks like a teapot. The scandal was when people were secretly leasing oil reserves. -
Clarence Darrow
He was an American lawyer. He at some point was making money because he was representing the Chicago and Northwestern Railway. Later though he defened the Pullman Railway Company when it went on strike in 1894.