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Period: 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
Italian scientist Galileo Galilei was well-known. His telescopic observations put geocentric theories to the test and validated Copernicus' heliocentric hypothesis. "Sidereus Nuncius" was his publication in 1610. His contributions to mathematics and physics are still valued today, despite opposition from the Church, and he played a significant role in the Scientific Revolution. Kepler and Newton are two other significant scientists from this era. -
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Reign of Felipe III
Was a very submissive, sluggish, and lazy person who lacked the courage and judgment to rule. -
Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare death
Shakespeare and Cervantes, two well-known authors, passed away on April 23, 1616, making it a significant day in international literature. -
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Thirty year's war
Beginning as a conflict between the states that made up the Holy Roman Empire—Catholic and Protestant. -
New philosophical system
After publishing the Discourse on Method in 1638, René Descartes developed a new philosophical theory and scientific research methodology known as rationalism, which is founded on systematic doubt and the study of components. -
Las Meninas
Diego Velázquez, a painter from Spain's Golden Age, is regarded as having created his masterpiece with Las Meninas, or The Family of Philip IV. Completed in 1656 (as reported by Antonio Palomino, a date that critics have all agreed upon), it represents the artist's final, fully mature stylistic phase. -
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The construction of the Palace of Versailles
Louis XIV relocated the royal court and government to Versailles on May 6, 1682, formally establishing the palace as the hub of French politics. -
The Steam Engine
A steam engine is a heat engine that uses steam as its working fluid to carry out mechanical work. The steam engine pushes a piston back and forth inside a cylinder using the force created by steam pressure. A connecting rod and crank can convert this pushing power into rotational force for work. The word "steam engine" is often reserved for the just-described type of reciprocating engine; it does not refer to the steam turbine.