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Period: 1557 to
Gabrieli (Early Baroque)
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist who was known for his sacred music, including massive choral and instrumental motets for the liturgy. -
Period: Apr 26, 1564 to
Shakespeare (Early Baroque)
William Shakespeare was a famous English playwright, poet, and actor of the Renaissance Era. Some of most famous works include Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet. -
Period: May 15, 1567 to
Monteverdi (Early Baroque)
Claudio Monteverdi was an Italian composer, string player, choirmaster, and priest who was known for composing secular music and sacred music. Also, he is most known for developing opera. Trained in the Renaissance style, also adept at composing "modern" music. Used dissonances in his music (madrigals) for text expression. -
Period: 1570 to
Camerata (Early Baroque)
Florence Camerata was a group of intellectuals that met to discuss the arts. Members were Caccini, Peri, Girolamo Mei, and Vincenzo Galilei. -
Period: to
Frescobaldi (Early Baoque)
Girolamo Frezcobaldi was an Italian composer and organist who was known for his keyboard works. Finest organist of the early Baroque. Worked at St. Peter's Cathedral, Rome. Greatly influenced J.S. Bach. Toccattas, Canzanas, Dance suites, Variation sets, Balletto, and Corrente. -
Period: to
Schutz (Middle Baroque)
Heinrich Schutz was a German composer who was known for writing the first German opera, madrigals and hundreds of choral works. -
Period: to
Caccini (Early Baroque)
Francesca Caccini was an Italian composer, singer, lutenist, poet, and music teacher of the early Baroque era. She was the first woman to compose operas. Soprano and daughter of Giulio Caccini. Sung in Peri's opera "Euridice" at age 13. -
Musical Genres
Musical genres of the Baroque period include oratorio/lutheran cantatas, opera/cantata, sonatas, concerto grosso, sinfonia and suite. -
Musical Elements
Musical elements of the Baroque period include Harmony(tonality)(major/minor system), Performance sites (courts and public theaters), Vocal music (concerted music- voices and instruments), and Instrumental music (ensembles and entertainment).
Homophonic texture. -
Basso Continuo
Solo Bass Instrument: cello, bass viol, bassoon, other low instruments
Chording Instruments: harpsichord, organ, lute, harp, other string or keyboard instruments -
Recitative
Secco: Dry recitation (to say)- singer + basso continuo
Accompagnato: Accompanied- singer + orchestra -
Monody
solo voice (singing recitative) with basso continuo: the voice closely follows the free rhythm of the words in "emotional speech." -
Baroque Suite
A Baroque set of dances, usually contrasting in character usually in all in the same key.
Allemande- German: in 4, moderate tempo
Courante- French: in 3, moderate tempo
Sarabande- Spanish: in 3, slow and steady
Jig, Gigue- English: in 6/8 or 6/4, fast -
Period: to
Early Baroque
Melody: recitative, Virtuosity, Improvisation
Rhythm: more freely, more modern, more complex
Harmony(tonality): major/minor system
Texture: homophony and polyphony
Form: strophic and binary
Dynamics: piano and forte, terraced
Timbre (orchestration): voices and strings, strings and winds
Instruments: harpsichord, bassoon, oboe, organ, stringed instruments. -
Period: to
Cavalli (Middle Baroque)
Francesco Cavalli was an Italian composer, singer, teacher, and organist. He was known for writing at least 34 operas, cantatas, arias, and sacred works. -
Invention of the Telescope
The telescope is an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects, or various devices used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was a battle among the Catholic and Protestant states that formed the Holy Roman Empire. -
Period: to
Strozzi (Middle Baroque)
Barbara Strozzi was a female virtuoso singer and composer. She was known for writing madrigals, cantatas, and arias. She was adopted by Giulio Strozzi. Published 8 sets of songs (the first in 1644). -
Period: to
Biber (Middle Baroque)
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber was a Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist. He was one of the most important composers for the violin. Catholic sacred music, violin sonatas, and ensemble music. Sonata #1 (ca. 1676) -
Period: to
Middle Baroque
Melody: bel canto arias and solo songs
Rhythm: faster, dotted
Harmony:major/minor system
Texture: homophony and polyphony
Form: ritornello
Dynamics: terraced
Timbre: tuning system
Instruments: stringed instruments, flutes, oboes, bassoons, trumpets, horns, harpsichord, clavichords, and organs -
Period: to
Corelli (Suite Composer) (Middle Baroque)
Arcangelo Corelli was an Italian violinist and composer of the Baroque era.His instrumental works established the chamber music style and form of the late baroque era, and he founded the modern school of violin playing. -
Invention of the Pendelum Clock
The Pendelum Clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element. -
Period: to
Purcell (Middle Baroque)
Henry Purcell was an English composer most remembered for his more than 100 songs; a tragic opera, Dido and Aeneas; and his incidental music to a version of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream called The Fairy Queen. -
Period: to
Scarlatti (Late Baroque)
Alessandro Scarlatti was an Italian Baroque composer known for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is the father of Domenico Scarlatti. A teacher in Naples and many of his students helped create the new classical style. -
Period: to
Guerre (Suite Composer) (Late Baroque)
Elisabeth jacquet de la guerre was a French musician, harpsichordist and composer. -
Period: to
Couperin (Suite Composer)
Francois Couperin was a French Baroque composer, organist and harpsichordist. He is best known for his harpsichord works, all of which are found in the collection of more than 220 pieces entitled Pièces de clavecin, consisting of four books. -
Period: to
Vivaldi (Late Baroque)
Antonio Vivaldi was an Italian Baroque composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, impresario, and Roman Catholic priest.He was known for his operas, including Argippo and Bajazet. Known as the "Red Priest" because of his red hair. Wrote nearly 800 concertos such as 60 ripieno concertos, 425 concerto grosso types, 350 solo concertos, and 45 double concertos. -
Period: to
Telemann (Suite Composer) (Late Baroque)
George Philip Telemann was a German Baroque composer and multi-instrumentalist. -
Period: to
Mouret
Jean-Joseph Mouret was a French composer whose dramatic works made him one of the leading exponents of Baroque music in his country. -
Period: to
Handel (Late Baroque)
George Frideric Handel was a German-born Baroque composer becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi and organ concertos. -
Period: to
Bach (Late Baroque)
J.S. Bach was a German composer and musician known for instrumental compositions such as the Brandenburg Concertos and the Goldberg Variations, and for vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. -
Period: to
Scarlatti (Late Baroque)
Domenico Scarltti was an Italian composer. He was a keyboard virtuoso. Wrote over 500 sonatats for Harpsichord, operas, cantatas, and keyboard exercises. -
Period: to
Late Baroque
Melody: fortspinning, virtuosity, improvisation
Rhythm: formulaic and regular
Harmony: major.minor system, Chromaticism
Texture: polyhony and homophony
Form: da capo aria, ritornello, fugue, binary
Dynamics: crescendo and decrescendo
Timbre: orchestra
Instruments: keyboard, stringed instruments, flute, oboe, recorders
