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These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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o the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union.
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legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Supreme Court validates the principle of "separate but equal"
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was a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. It was named for the "mighty current" of change the group wanted to effect and Niagara Falls.
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It serves as the country's most influential African-American civil rights organization, dedicated to political equality and social justice
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This literary, artistic, and intellectual movement fosters a new black cultural identity.
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He is signed to the Brooklyn dodgers