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His observations on dominant and recessive traits in pea plants were able to deduce that genes come in pairs - one from each parent and with his research came his Laws of Inheritance.
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He isolated nuclein in DNA, from a cells nuclei. He was the first to identify a DNA as a distinct molecule.
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He saw that as egg cells matured, chromosome numbers are split in half. He concluded that male sperm and the female egg were equivalent in the amount of hereditary information. They each had a half set of chromosomes.
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He discovered that chromosomes are the basis of heredity, and during meiosis the reduction of chromosomes can be linked back to Mendel's laws of inheritance.
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Identified the components of DNA. Levene is most notable for his incorrect tetranucleotide hypothesis of DNA.
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He organized the ‘Fly Room’ which contributed to the understanding of genes and chromosomes in inheritance including proof for the Chromosomal Theory of Heredity, genetic linkages and chromosomal crossing over.
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He studied a technique known as X-ray crystallography. Pauling discovered a rule of interpreting X-ray diffraction, which allowed him to figure out the shape of proteins which acted as a catalyst for the discovery of the DNA’s double helix.
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Through careful experimentation Chargaff came up with 2 rules that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA:
The first rule was that the numbers of guanine in DNA is equal to the number of cytosine and the number of adenine is equal to the number of thymine.
The second rule was that the amount of cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine varies from species to species, this suggested that DNA was the genetic material. -
She acted as the climax of the discovery of the structure of DNA, she used the technique of X-ray diffraction in X-ray crystallography to analyze many different substances, including DNA - this is when she discovered DNA had all the characteristics of a helix - thus Rosalind discovered the structure of DNA.
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He sped the process of Rosalind Frank's discovery by introducing it to Francis Crick and James Watson which gave them information and the idea of the double helix structure of DNA.
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The information these two received from Wilkins along with previous evidence and information, suggested that DNA has a double helix structure and they proved this and released it in their paper ‘A Structure of DNA’ in 1953.
