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happened when the Western Roman Empire fell
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Roman Catholic Church compiled its liturgical plainsongs
characteristics:
monophonic texture
uses modal scales + its in free time
text =latin +religious theme
performed by male voices
1st symbols=neumes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK5AohCMX0U -
second voice was added to plainsong (polyphony)
Its forms were:
Organum
Discantus
Conductus -
generally passed on orally.Main characteristics:
monophonic texture + instrumental accompaniment
modal scales + rhythmic modes
for fun
written in local language
played by minstrels -
he imroved the way of writing music on sheets
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songs of minstrels were written in songbooks
most common :
Cantigas de Santa María
Cantigas de amigo
Llibre Vermell de Montserrat -
during his reign one of the most common songbooks ,Cantigas de Santa María appeared
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clerics or mendicant students
wrote poetry in latin -
influential cultural movement
beliefe that humans were the centre of everything -
renaissance texture
polyphonic texture
similar melodic lines that startcone after the other
simplest type:canon -
melodic lines played simultaneously
all parts perform the same lyrics ,identical rhythm and related harmonically -
it has a main melodic line and then there are harmonic accompaniments
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lasted until the fall of the Byzantine Empire
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with the fall of the Byzantine empire
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religous vocal music
motet:it became more important ,it already existed in the middle ages
mass:long composition formed by liturgical texts
chorale:most common musical form in the protestant liturgy
secular vocal music
madrigal:dominant form
in England -songs
in France-chansons
in Spain
Romances,Villancico and Ensalada -
forms
compositions based on vocal music:instrumentalists accompanied vocal music
compositiions with an improvisational feel:composers wrote down brief improvised pieces
variations:short musical theme -
German theologian and monk
started the protestant reformation -
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english composer and lutenist
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With this the baroque period started
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Both instrumental and vocal music was composed with the texture of meloso dominated homophony
A higher instrument accompanied by a base called basso -
It became more important thanks to technical developments ni instrumentos
First vistuosos appeared
The baroque period also saw the birth of the orchestra -
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Was the most famous musician
Great organist,harphsicordist and conductor
Wasnt very famous when he was alive -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbxaBAj54dw
best zarzuelas -
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VgpqpT4qM4
an example of his compositions -
Meyerbeer ( 1791 –1864) was a German opera composer of Jewish birth who has been described as perhaps the most successful stage composer of the nineteenth century. ... They set a standard which helped to maintain Paris as the opera capital of the nineteenth century.
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Gioachino Rossin was born in Italy on 1792. His father, Giuseppe was a famous trumpeter of the town and also worked as an inspector of slaughterhouses .. Rossini started to play triangle in his father's bandat a young age of six and he represented the transition between classical and romantic opera
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main characteristics :
Freedom of form and design. ...
Song-like melodies (lyrical), as well as many chromatic harmonies and discords.
Dramatic contrasts of dynamics and pitch.
Big orchestras, due mainly to brass
and the invention of the valve.
etc -
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSR4vkskCyk
example of instrumental music including the woodwind ,brass and percussion families -
short pieces
chamber music
longer works -
He published his first composition at age 7 and began performing one year later. In 1832, he moved to Paris, socialized with high society and was known as an excellent piano teacher and was one of the best compositors
