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The 1823 Monroe Doctrine placed all of North and South America off limits for new European colonization. “But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged ... by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.”
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President James K. Polk justified the need to expand our borders, he did this by falsely asserting that an American soldier had been killed on American soil by the Mexican military. General Ulysses S. Grant condemned the war as “wicked” in his War Memoirs. This happened on the year of 1846.
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In 1893, the United States collaborated in the overthrow of Hawaii’s monarchy. Annexation followed five years later.
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Among other things, they required granting the United States a permanent naval base at Guantanamo Bay, and authorizing us to intervene in Cuban affairs for “the preservation of Cuban independence, [and] the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, liberty, and individual freedom....” Acting under the Platt Amendment, the United States intervened militarily in Cuban affairs in 1906-1909, 1912, and 1917-1922.
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The United States intervened militarily in Panama from 1903-1914 to secure its independence from Colombia, and to negotiate a treaty to construct and exercise sovereignty over the Panama Canal.
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The United States occupied Haiti militarily from 1915-1934 in response to chronic political instability there.
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From 1914-1917, the United States intervened militarily in Mexico, including the capture of Vera Cruz and General John Pershing’s northern expedition, in response to Pancho Villa’s raids.
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We occupied the Dominican Republic militarily from 1916-1924 in response to threatened insurrections that threatened our interests.
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The United States occupied Nicaragua militarily from 1926-1933, including fighting the rebel forces of Cesar Sandino against a Nicaraguan government we supported.
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In 1954, the United States overthrew the Socialist government of Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz in favor of a genocidal military dictatorship.
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In 1961, the United States launched the ill-starred Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro.
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n 1962, the United States quarantined the shipment of Soviet offensive missiles to Cuba to force the dismantling of Soviet missiles already there when the United States had Jupiter nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles aimed at the USSR along its border with Turkey.
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