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Brown Vs. Board of Education
The ending to segregation in public school. Stemming from the Plessy Vs. Ferguson case that "separate, but equal," Brown vs. Board was four cases in one brought about by schools not being equal and detrimental to African American children. -
PARC vs. Commonwealth of PA
The state was sued, because children weren't given free education after the age of 8 if their mental capacity was aged 5 or less.
The court ruled that not only children of disabilities be given the right to free education at any age, but to also be included in a regular classroom. -
Mills Vs. Board of Education
Students, no matter their disability, have the right to a free public education. Today students still have that right Mills was an expansion to the PARC case in regards to a free public education. -
Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act
Protection for individuals with disabilities against employers or organizations, to not be discriminated against.
Students receive accommodation plans, more rights for parents and protections in regards to schools. The age cut off was lifted -
The Education of All Handicapped Children
This law protects all children, toddlers, infants with disabilities and their caregivers/parents of their rights and needs.
PL 94-142
Federal government has to help with providing the means of funds to help the education of children with disabilities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education (IDEA) PL 101-476
related services added to the Act, as well as terms specifically defined -
Americans With Disabilities Act
PL 101-336
"Any person with an impairment that substantially limits a major life activity is covered." (Gargiulo, Bouck, 2020, p.52)
This law goes beyond just disabilities, but encompasses an array. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Known as the No Child Left Behind Act.
All students were to be proficient at 100 percent. To get federal funding tests are to be administered to all students. Schools were offered services to help students such as tutoring if failed to meet requirements after a 3 year period.
replaced by Every Student Succeeds Act -
Americans With Disabilities Act Amendments
Became effective January 1, 2009.
while the law expands definitions and terms of the word disabilities, it affected the eligibility of the disabilities "6 months or less" of a disability is not accepted in terms. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Standardized testing still in effect. Children with disabilities must all take the same test with only a small percentage allowed to be excused, to where as a larger percent was mandated in past years. -
Reference List
References Gargiulo, R. Bouck, E. (2021) Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality (7th ed, pp.40-52) Los Angeles: Sage Sunshyne. “Brown vs Board of Education Turns 60 Years Old- Have We Really Made Progress” Ear Hustle 411, May 17, 2014, Brown vs Board of Education Turns 60 Years Old - Have We Really Made Progress (earhustle411.com) 94th Congress, Public Law 94-142, November 29 1975, PDF online. 142.pdf (house.gov) -
Reference List 2
Fact Sheet U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Your Rights Under Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act, June 200/June 2006 Microsoft Word - FS - Rights Under 504 - English - Revised 2006.doc (hhs.gov) National Education Association, Education Insider -article for google image not found, Every Student Succeeds Act image. January 2016 Mills vs. Board of Education google image, Timetoast by Cecy. Cannot find original image to cite.
