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Brown v. Board of Education
In Brown four schools argued that segregated public schools wee inherently unequal and derived them of equal protection of the laws. After the decision of Brown, parents of children with disabilities began to bring lawsuits against their school districts for excluding and segregating children with disabilities. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act is to address the inequality of educational opportunity for underprivileged children. This landmark provided resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. -
Pennsylvania Assn. for Retarded Children v.Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC)
In this act it was agreed that educational placement decisions must include a process of parental participation and a means to resolve disputes. The results were that the state agreed to provide a free public education for children with mental retardation. -
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education. This case established that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". -
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA or the Buckley Amendment)
An United States federal law that governs the access to educational information and records by public entitles such as publicly funded educational institution and potential employers. -
Public Law 94-142: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
This act stated that the congress intends that all children with disabilities would “have a right to education, and to establish a process by which State and local educational agencies may be held accountable for providing educational services for all handicapped children.” The focused of the law was to ensure that children with disabilities had access to an education. -
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley
A school was sued due to the interpreter being taken away from a deaf student. It created a definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to have maximum support but enough to receive educational benefits. -
Timothy W v. Rochester School District
In this situation the student was denied special education sevices because the school felt that the student's disability was "too severe". This lead to that the schools could not deny a child special education services, no matter how severe their disabilities are. -
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Public Law 101-336)
This act approves and reinforces all aspects of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, including autism and traumatic brain injury. Some disabilities that are listed underneath this act are autism, deaf-blindness, deafness, emotional disturbance, hearing impairment, intellectually disability, multiple disabilities, speech or language disability, etc. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
This act was to provide children with a fair, equal, and a better opportunity for a high-quality education. The U.S. Department of Education goes off of four pillars which are accountability, flexibility, research-based education, and parent options. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
This act has two purposes. The first purpose is to provide an education that will meet a child's unique needs and helps them prepare for their future education, employment, and independent living. The second purpose is to help protect the rights of the child with disabilities and their parents.