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Landmark case for racial Segregation. Famous for the "separate but equal" that court upheld as long as whites and blacks had separate public places there was no need for there to mix races.
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Landmark Supreme Court Case of Oliver Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.This case overturned Plessy v.Ferguson and schools had to desegregate their public schools.
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Outlaws discrimination by race, color, creed, religion, sex, or national origin. Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.
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Major Law that allowed states to receive federal funds for severe disabilities. Free Appropriate Public Education and Section 504 which required individuals with disabilities rights previously not given to them.
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Required schools that receive federal funds to provide equal access to education and 1 free meal to students with a mental or physical disability.
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The main question was; What does “free and appropriate public education” require in the context of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975? Court favored with the school district saying the school district did not have to provide a sign language interrupter for Amy. The court's reason was Amy was allowed the same opportunity to learn in the classroom as her peers (Board of Ed v. Rowley, 1982).
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Supreme Court case that decided that the school district was responsible for related service not a medical service for cleaning the student's catheter. Therefore the lower court decision was overturned and the Texas school district had to provide this service during school hours.
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Supreme court ruled that parents could unilaterally move their child out of the district if they disagreed with the school districts Individualized Education Plan goals.
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US. Circuit Court overruled lower court decision that a "Free Appropriate Education" was not granted to Ronald and Cindy Polk's son Chris, who had severe physical and neurological disabilities. The Polk's wanted Chris to work directly with a licensed Physical Therapist, but the school district wanted his teacher to teach Chris services that they were trained on. Court ruled in the Polk's favor that a FAPE meant more than a "meaningful benefit".
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U.S. Court of Appeals found that the Rochester, NH School District was had to provide an education to Timothy W, and the "zero reject" policy applied in this case. It does not matter if a student can not see, hear, or speak, a school district still has to provide an education for that student.
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Parents argued that their son with Downs Syndrome should be in a mainstream classroom with students who do not have disabilities. Court ruled in their favor saying that the school district was violating the student's right, and the least restrictive environment was not being used.
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Similar to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but with regards to citizens who have disabilities. Requires employers to make reasonable accommodation to its employees with disabilities.
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Originally known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, IDEA made it more focused on the Individual's rights. George Bush signed this Act into law in 1990.
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New Hampshire became the first state to have zero state facilities for people with developmental disabilities. People with disabilities were either placed in private homes or facilities operated by nonprofit and other private agencies.
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Definition of a disabled child was expanded to include children that were developmentally delayed between the ages of 3-9. This amendment also added that LEA's and parents had to go through mediation and showing evidence that it was done before moving on.
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The No Child Left Behind Act was repealed in December, 2015. The slogan was "To close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice so that no child is left behind" 107th US Congress, 2002).
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Student Robert Clark, who has Autism Spectrum Disorder was placed with in a Special Education classroom with students in a one or two grades below him to lessen his behaviors. This was not in his IEP. The goals in his IEP were not sufficient to help curb his behaviors. US Court of Appeals found the lowers courts ruling correct, and Robert was not given a FAPE.
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Authorized certain grants to states for special education. Also made technology, research, and training grants available to states.
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Female student from Cornish, Maine was refused Special education services because her she was a high honor student. Then her grades fell, and she was still making honor roll. Parents wanted an IEP made for her, School offered her a 504 plan, but no IEP. Parents refused went to Court where it was ruled that she was eligible for services provided under IDEA, which includes an IEP,
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Landmark Supreme Court decision said that a student should have a specialized IEP that helps a students make progress under certain circumstances. This case opens the door for more specialized IEPs that could be tailored to the students strengths and weaknesses with parents specific interest involved.
