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Germany and Italy ignored the threat and helped the Nationalists. Hitler gave troops through Portugal and the famous Condor Legion.
Mussolini gave troops.
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In July 17 the uprising starts in Morocco. The army of Africa is the most prepared.
July 18: General Francisco Franco, that was in Canary Islands declares a state of war and arrives Morocco. On mainland Spain, Cádiz, Córdoba and Sevilla and are controlled by the rebels. In the north the coup is supported by military units.
In July 19 the uprising is defeated in Madrid and Barcelona. País Vasco, Cataluña and Valencia still loyal to the government. -
General Sanjurjo was killed in a plane crash and General Emilio Mola replaces him.
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After a failure of a coup of the army´s officers, spain was divided into two zones defended by two sides the sides that would face in the civil war. The sides were:
The Nationalists - held a third of the country. The coup was succesful in some areas like Zaragoza, Granada and Sevilla. Set up a military state.
The Republican side - control over important cities. Improvised and inexperienced army formed by the militia. Instructed by Communists. -
Was a threat between twenty-seven countries to not intervent in the Spanish Civil War.
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Hitler and Mussolini provided troops to Franco from Africa to Sevilla through planes.
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General Franco leads the southern troops and General Emilio Mola the northern. By September Francoist troops take Badajoz and arrived to Tajo Valley. Mola take Gipuzkoa and close French borders to the Republicans.
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He formed a coalition government in Valencia to unify the Republic and organise the army. There were parties that thinked that was neccesary to make a revolutionandother tinked that the victory was more important.
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In September 1936 the Nationalists appointed General Franco as the leader and called him "Generalísimo". Franco had the support of the monarchs of that period. The Nationalists established the government in Burgos
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In September 1936 Franco went to Toledo and siege the Alcázar where General Moscardó was resisting with his troops to the Republican troops. They won a simbolic victory.
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The Soviet Union also passed away the threat and was the main aid of the Republic. They helpèd with the Operation X which included armaments, soldiers and advisors. The Soviet Union asked for Spain´s gold reserves. Due to the distances the operation was long and expensive because Germany and Italy had control over the Mediterranean. The Comitern call for volunteers and join the International Brigades.
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Nationalists reach the capital and the government evacuates Madrid and went to Valencia. The Republicans resist and the Nacionalists besiege Madrid for much of the war.
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One of the bitterest battles of the war. Nationalists gain a a strategic victory dividing the Republican zone in two and isolating Cataluña.
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The Gernika bombing helped the Nationalists gain a decisive victory in Bizcaia. The Republicans attack in Aragón to slow down the Nationalists, but they take a strategic heavy industry and mining zones of Cantabria and Asturias are also taken.
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Franco ordered to join the Falange, Carlistas and Renovación Española into one party: Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET and JONS) known as `Movimiento Nacional´calling himself as Caudillo. A one party state was established.
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The German Condor Legion bombed Gernika-Lumo in Vizcaya. The Spanish painter Pablo Picasso painted in an abstracted way the situation in that city.
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In May 1937 the two sides confronted in the streets of Barcelona. Largo Caballero was changed by Juan Negrín and the POUM (a Marxist party)was illegalized)
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A Republican plan fails and Franco entered in Barcelona on 26 January of 1939. Valencia and Madrid were the last important cities that the Republicans owned.
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a plot within the Republican Army causes the government in Valencia to fall. Franco negociate with Juan Negrín and asked for an unconditional surrender, and the president flees.
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France, Britain and the Vatican recognise Franco´s government. The National Catholism was identify in Francoism
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On 28 of March the Nationalists occupy Madrid and the 31 of March, they control all Spanish territory. Franco proclaims victory the 1 April.
