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The first satellite in space by USSR was the sputnik 1, launched on october 4th,1957 -
The first animal in space to orbit the earth for USSR was a stray dog named laika who launched on November 3rd, 1957 pn the sputnik 2 spacecraft -
The first satellite in space by the USA was Explorer 1, launched on January 31st, 1958 -
NASA was created in 1958 following the soviet launch of sputnik, as president Dwight D, Eisenhower signed the national Aeronautics and space act on July 29,1958 -
The first man in space was soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, who completed a single orbit of Earth on April 12, 1961. Gagarin's spaceflight, aboard the vostok 1 spacecraft, lasted 108 minutes from launch to landing and marked a pivotal achievement for the soviet union during the cold war space race with the united states. -
The first chimpanzee to perform tasks in space for the united states was Ham, who flew a suborbital flight on january 31, 1961, aboard the mercury-redstone 2 mission. He was trained to respond to flashing lights by pulling levers to avoid electrical shocks, a task he performed successfully during the flight. -
The first american in space was Alan Shepard, who completed a 15 minute suborbital flight on May 5, 1961, aboard the freedom 7 spacecraft. His flight occurred just weeks after soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space on April 12, 1961 -
President John F. Kennedy committed to the goal of landing a man on the moon before the end of 1960s in a 1961 speech to congress and a 1962 speech at Rice University. His famous quote, "We choose to go to the moon... not because they are easy, but because they are hard," highlights the challenge and national ambition behind this goal. -
John Glenn was the first american to orbit the earth, completing three orbits on February 20, 1962, aboard the friendship 7 capsule as part of the mercury-atlas 6 mission. His flight lasted 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds, and made him the third american in space. -
The first man to perform an extravehicular activity (EVA) for the USSR was cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who did so on March 18, 1965, during the voskhod 2 mission. He spent 12 minutes and 9 seconds outside the spacecraft. -
The first man to perform an EVA for the USA was astronaut Ed White on June 3, 1965, during the gemini 4 mission. He spent 23 minutes outside the capsule, tethered to the spacecraft by a 25-foot cord. -
Gemini 4 was the second crewed spaceflight in NASA's project gemini, occurring in June 1965. It was the tenth crewed american spaceflight. Astronauts James McDivitt and Ed White orbited the earth 66 times in four days, making it the first US flight to approach the five-day flight of the soviet vostok 5. -
The gemini 5 mission, launched on August 21, 1965, was a crewed flight with astronauts Gordon Cooper and Charles "Pete" Conrad that demonstrated long-duration spaceflight by spending eight days in orbit. Key objectives included testing the effects of prolonged weightlessness, evaluating fuel cell performance, and demonstrating rendezvous and control systems. -
Gemini 8, launched on March 16, 1966, was a NASA mission commanded by Neil Armstrong and piloted by David R. Scott. The mission was the first to successfully dock two spacecraft in earth orbit and perform an emergency landing due to a thruster malfunction. After a violent spin occurred, Armstrong used the re-entry thrusters to regain control of the tumbling spacecraft, and the crew was able to land safely. -
Gemini 9A was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the seventh crewed Gemini flight, the 15th crewed American flight and the 23rd spaceflight of all time. Members were Thomas P. Stafford, and Eugene A. Cernan. -
Apollo 7 was the first crewed flight in NASA's Apollo program, and saw the resumption of human spaceflight by the agency after the fire that had killed the three Apollo 1 astronauts during a launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967. -
The Apollo 1 mission was the first crewed flight of the Apollo program, which ended tragically on January 27, 1967, when a fire broke out during a launchpad test, killing astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee. The mission, originally designated AS-204, was planned to be an Earth-orbit test of the command and service module. Members on the apollo were Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chaffee. -
Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth's gravitational sphere of influence, and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon. The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing and then returned to Earth. -
Apollo 9 was the third human spaceflight in NASA's Apollo program, which successfully tested systems and procedures critical to landing on the Moon. The three-man crew consisted of Commander James McDivitt, Command Module Pilot David Scott, and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart. -
The mission of Apollo 10 was to serve as a "dress rehearsal" for the first Moon landing, testing all components and procedures without actually landing. It was the fourth crewed Apollo mission and successfully demonstrated the performance of the full spacecraft in the lunar environment, including the lunar module's ability to fly in orbit and descend to within 9 miles. -
Apollo 11 was the NASA mission that successfully landed the first humans on the Moon on July 20, 1969. The crew, consisting of astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins, fulfilled President Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. Key activities included collecting lunar samples, performing scientific experiments, and Armstrong's famous "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" quote.