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The Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the Earth's first artificial satellite.
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Laika was the first dog launched into space on the Sputnik 2 by the Soviet Union.
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The first satellite launched into space by the USA was Explorer 1. This was also the first satellite to carry science instruments.
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The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, signed by President Eisenhower, created NASA.
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Ham was the first chimpanzee launched into space by the US.
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The first man launched into space by the USSR was Yuri Gagarin. He circled Earth in the Vostok 1.
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Alan Shepard was the first man in space by the USA. He piloted the Freedom 7 Mercury capsule.
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JFK told Congress that the US "should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."
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John Glenn was the first man to orbit Earth by the USA. He was in NASA's first astronaut class, the Mercury 7.
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Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was the first man to do an EVA by the USSR. He spent 12 minutes and 9 seconds outside the Voskhod 2.
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Edward White was the first man to do an EVA in the USA. Ed opened the Gemini 4 and pulled himself out into space.
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Gemini VI and Gemini VII met in space, which was not NASA's original plan.
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Command pilot Elliot See and pilot Charles Bassett were killed in a plane crash. Where technicians were preparing the Gemini IX spacecraft for shipment to the launch site, their T-38 Talon clipped the McDonnell building.
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The Gemini VIII launched into space with Neil Armstrong and David Scott. Gemini VIII docked with an agenda target vehicle launched earlier in the day.
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Gemini X carried John Young and Michael Collins. It managed to rendezvous and do docking tests with the Agenda target vehicle.
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During a launch test, a fire erupted through the Apollo 1 Command Module, killing astronauts Gus Grissom (left), Ed White (middle), and Roger Chaffee (right).
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Apollo 7 has a total of 163 orbits and a flight of 10 days and 20 hours. The crew (Walter Schirra, Jr, Donn Eisele, and Walter Cunningham) landed in the Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda.
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The Apollo 8 carried Frank Borman, James Lovell Jr., and William Anders. This spacecraft was the first to leave Earth's orbit and reach the Moon.
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The Apollo 9 was the third spacecraft to be in NASA's Apollo program. It held James A. McDivitt (CMDR), David R. Scott (CMP) and Russell L. Schweickart (LMP). It had a successful 10-day orbit-around mission before it splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean recovery area
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Apollo 10 was the fourth spacecraft to be in the US Apollo program. It carried L. Gordon Cooper Jr as commander, Donn F. Eisele as command module pilot, and Edgar D. Mitchell as lunar module pilot. It had a mission of 192 hrs, 3 mins, and 23 secs before it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean.
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Apollo 11 is the spacecraft that landed humans on the moon for the first time. It carried Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin.