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Period: Jan 1, 1530 to Jan 1, 1540
Protestant Reformation
Began when Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church. Catholics battled Protestants for decades, and the religious balance of power seesawed. -
Jan 1, 1558
Elizabeth I becomes queen of England
Protestantism became dominant and rivalry with Catholic Spain intensified -
Period: Jan 1, 1565 to
English crush Irish uprising
The English crown confiscated Catholic Irish lands and "planted" them with new Protestant landlords from Scotland and England. This policy also planted the seeds of the centuries-old religious conflicts that persisit in Ireland to the present day. -
Jan 1, 1577
Drake circumnavigated the globe
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Raleigh founds "lost colony" at Raonoke Island
This pathetic English failure at colonization contrasted embarrassingly with the glories of the Spanish Empire, whose profits were fabulously enriching Spain. -
England defeats Spanish Armada
This defeat dampened Spain's fighting spirit and helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic. It started England on its way to becoming master of the world oceans - a fact enormously important to the American people. -
James I becomes king of England
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Spain and England sign peace treaty
Proved the oppurtunity for English colonization -
Virginia colony founded at Jamestown
Jamestown was named in honor of King James I -
Rolfe perfects tobacco culture in Virginia
Tobacco later becomes the main source of income for the colonies, as well as the stability of the ecomony -
First Anglo-Powhatan War ends
Peace settlement ended the war by sealing the marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe -
First Afiricans arrived at Jamestown
The simple commercial transaction planted the seeds of the North American slave trade -
Virginia House of Burgesses established
The first miniature parliament to be established in the Americas -
Virginia becomes a royal colony
James I then becomes hostile to Virginia and revoked the charter, thus making VIrginia a royal colony directly under his control -
Maryland colony founded
Maryland becomes a Catholic haven, Lord Baltimore permeritted freedom of worship in his colony -
Period: to
Large-scale slave-labor established in English West Indies
Labor needed to run mills and work in fields of the sugar plantations, more than a quarter of a million Africans were imported. This led to Barbados slave code -
Second Anglo-Powhatan War
Indians made one last effort to dislodge the Virginians. The indians were defeated which led to Peace Treaty 1646, which effectively banished the Chesapeake Indians from the white areas. This was the origin of the later reservation system. -
Act of Toleration in Maryland
Guarenteed toleration to all Chrsitians, but decreed the death penalty on those who denied the devinity of Jesus such as Jews or Atheist -
Charles I beheaded; Cromwell rules England
Europe makes a religious change from Catholic to a strict Protestant leadership. Cromwell ruled for a decade and then Charles the II took over the throne -
Charles II restored to English throne
He took even more royal involvement in the colonies -
Barbados slave code adopted
Denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters virtually complete control over their laborers. Included the right to inflict severe punihsment for even the smallest infractions -
Carolina Colony created
Named after Charles II. Charles II granted to eight of his court favorites the Lord Proprietors and and expanse of wilderness stretchy across the continent to the Pacific. Also established a vigorous slave trade in Carolina itself -
Period: to
Tuscarora War in North Carolina
Tuscarora Indians fell upon the fledging settlement at Newbern in 1711. North Carolinians armored by their brothers form the south retaliated by crushing the indians, selling hundreds of them into slavery and leaving the survivors to wander northward to seek the protection of the Iroquois.Eventually, the Tuscarora Indians became the SIxth Nation of the Iroquois Confederation. -
North Carolina formally seperates from South Carolina
North Carolina had a strong resistance to authority, and were known for being irreligious and hospitable to pirates. North Carolina was inhabitated by the less wealthy persons of the Carolinas. After the official seperation, North Carolina did not at first import large numbers of slaves, and was not plantation based but more small farm oriented. However, North Carolina did share South Carolinas constant battles with the native indians. -
Period: to
Yamasee War in South Carolina
It was four years after the Tuscarora War. It defeated and despersed the Yamasee Indians, virtually all the coastal indian tribes in the southern colonies had been utterly devastated by about 1720. -
Georgia colony founded
Created by English crown to serve as a buffer state. It would protect the more valuable Carolinas against vengful Spanish from Florida and against the hostile french. It was named after King George II
