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Residential Schools
The central goals of Canada’s Aboriginal policy were to :
Eliminate Aboriginal Government
Ignore Aboriginal Rights
Terminate the Treaties
Cause Aboriginal peoples to cease to exist as distinct legal, social, cultural, religious, and racial entities in Canada -
Period: to
Human Rights Canada Top 25
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The Chinese Head Tax
Chinese had to pay $50 to come to Canada and increased over a time period eventually to $500. 15,000 Chinese labourers arrived from 1881 to 1885 for the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Chinese were the only group who had to pay the head tax. In 1917, immigration officials gained the right to arrest any Chinese person believed to be in Canada illegally.The head tax was in effect for 38 years. Approximately 82,000 Chinese immigrants paid nearly $23 million in tax. -
Immigration Act
Was established by the Canadian government in order to control the influx of people entering the country.
encourage certain types of people into entering the country,
“while keeping out people who were deemed a nuisance to the well being of the nation.”This act allowed for the government to create a set of rules in order to determine who would be able to enter and exit the country. -
Komagata Maru
The SS Komagata Maru was a chartered ship featured in a dramatic challenge to Canada’s former practice of excluding immigrants from India.llustrated the widespread assumption among white Canadians that Canada was “a white man’s country.” Also exposed the fundamental unfairness of British rule in India. The fall-out from the Komagata Maru was a noteworthy chapter in the history of the independence struggle in India. -
War Measures Act
It was used to limit the freedom of Canadians in both world wars.The Act was in force from 1914 to 1920 - the official date of the end of the First World War with Germany. During that time it was used to imprison Canadians of German, Ukrainian and Slavic descent.It was next in force from 1939 to 1945, to imprison Japanese Canadians and confiscate their property during the Second World War. -
The Dominion Elections Act
This act allowed women to run for the Parliament of Canada. Women had by this time received the federal vote, so the new act more or less completed the process of extending universal suffrage in Canada, though some groups remained disqualified because of their ethnic background.Women from these minorities, for example Aboriginals and Asians, were not granted these rights. -
The Chinese Exclusion Act
On 1 July 1923, the Chinese Immigration Act,was passed. The Chinese in Canada referred to this day as “Humiliation Day”.The Chinese Exclusion Act, banned all Chinese immigrants.Although migration into Canada from most countries was controlled or restricted in some way, only Chinese people were singled out completely from entering on the basis of race.Only the students, merchants, diplomats and Canadian-born Chinese were allowed back in. -
Eugenics
The word "eugenics" is derived from the Greek word meaning "well born." A branch of science concerned with the genetic improvement of the human race.In these Provinces,Alberta (in 1928) and British Columbia (in 1933).“In 1928, the Alberta government passed the Sexual Sterilization Act, which created a eugenics board to force those soon to be released from mental hospitals to be sterilized against their will as a condition of their release.”The program and the board lasted until 1972. -
Persons Case
The word "person" always had a much broader meaning than its strict legal definition, and it therefore had been used to exclude women from voting, from entering the professions and from holding public office.The Famous 5 succeeded in having women defined as "persons" in Section 24 of the British North America Act and thereby, eligible for appointment to the Senate.his victory symbolized the right of women to participate in all facets of life, to "dream big" and to realize their potential. -
Emily Murphy
A self-described rebel, she was an outspoken feminist and controversial figure. In recent years, Murphy has attracted criticism for her views both on eugenics and immigration as well as acclaim for her success as a suffragist.Best known for her role in the famous Persons Case.she was challenged by a lawyer who asserted that as a woman she was not a person in the eyes of British law. This led Murphy to embark on a decade-long campaign to have women declared legal "persons". -
Alberta's "Famous Five
Alberta's "Famous Five" were petitioners in the groundbreaking Persons Case. Led by judge Emily Murphy.At the time of their victory, the media dubbed the group the "Alberta Five." Over time, as the case took on a privileged position in Canadian women's history, the group became popularly known as the "Famous Five." They have come to represent an entire generation's political activism, including an earlier, nationwide campaign for women's suffrage. -
Women's Suffrage in Quebec
Women won the right to vote in Canadian federal elections in 1920, but Quebec women had no electoral rights in the province until 22 years later. It was the last province in Canada to pass such a bill.On April 25, 1940, Bill 18 was passed at Quebec's National Assembly, putting an end to electoral discrimination against women. -
Detainment of Japanese During WWII
Many Japanese Canadians were imprisoned in “protective areas” that were nothing less than prisons during World War II.These Japanese became to be know as "Prisoners of War".Around 22,000 innocent Japanese Canadians, most of whom were men, were torn from their families and forced into a life of hard labor, near starvation, and humiliation merely for the crime of being Japanese. Camps had no electricity or running water, and conditions were crowded and unsanitary. -
Founding of United Nations
The United Nations began in 1945 as a loosely co-ordinated international system of discussion-based bodies, functional agencies.It replaced the League of Nations, but has a bigger, nearly universal, membership. According to its charter, its purpose is to:Maintain international peace and security.Develop friendly relations among nations.Achieve international co-operation in solving problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character.Promote and encourage respect for human rights. -
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration begins by recognising that ‘the inherent dignity of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world’.It declares that human rights are universal – to be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they are or where they live.This includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech and privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural rights, like the right to social security, health and education. -
Wartime restrictions and the War Measures Act are ended
It gave the federal government emergency powers to govern by decree under circumstances of “war, invasion or insurrection, real or apprehended”. It was invoked three times in its existence, and was superseded by the Emergencies Act in 1988. -
Role of Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is the term applied to United Nations (UN) military intervention operations. As a result of Lester Pearson's leadership in the 1956 Suez Crisis and Canada's role in the UN Emergency Force he helped create, Canadians have sometimes considered peacekeeping part of the country's identity. -
John Diefenbaker
13th Prime Minister of Canada.Appointed James Gladstone as Canada's first Aboriginal senator, 1958.Passed the Canadian Bill of Rights, 1960.Passed the Royal Commission on Health Services, 1961.Created the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act, 1961.Diefenbaker's anti-apartheid statement, 1961, contributed to South Africa withdrawing from the Commonwealth.Reduced to a minority government, 1962.Created the National Productivity Council (Economic Council of Canada), 1963. -
Pierre Elliott Trudeau
As soon as he was elected, he began fighting for universal health care. He also worked to reform governmental caucus meetings to make them more efficient. The 1970 “October Crisis” tested his stance against terrorists; he invoked the War Measures Act, giving the government overarching power to arrest without trial.On domestic matters, he championed the official implementation of bilingualism. -
Official Languages Act
The Official Languages Act is a Canadian law that came into force on September 9, 1969.Which gave French and English equal status in the government of Canada.This makes them "official" languages, having preferred status in law over all other languages.Gave equal rights and privileges as to their use in federal institutions;support the development of English and French linguistic minority communities; and advance the equal status and use of English and French. -
Rosemary Brown
Rosemary Brown worked tirelessly for the causes she believed in: equality and rights for women, members of visible minorities and the disadvantaged. In 1972, Brown entered the provincial scene as a NDP candidate. Become the first black female member of a legislature. During her 14 years of MLA, she created a committee to remove sexism in British Columbia's educational material. -
The Immigration Act removes all restrictive regulations
The act,removes all restrictive regulations based on "nationality, citizenship, ethnic group, occupation, class or geographical area of origin." Starting of the Canada we know today and led into the Multiculturalism Act. -
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
This was the foundation for the Human rights we have today in Canada. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one part of the Canadian Constitution. The Constitution is a set of laws containing the basic rules about how our country operates. For example, it contains the powers of the federal government and those of the provincial governments in Canada. -
Multicultralism Act
The act sought to protect the cultural heritage of Canadians, reduce discrimination and encourage the implementation of multicultural programs and activities.The original policy of multiculturalism focused on cultural preservation, primarily reflecting the interests of European-born immigrants. However, as the centre of immigration gradually shifted away from Europe with increasing numbers of immigrants from Asia, Africa and the Middle East, new concerns and priorities emerged. -
Canada's Extradition Act
The government said one of the most important aims of the new Extradition Act was to prevent Canada from becoming a "safe haven" for fugitives from other countries. Canada will refuse to forcibly return anyone to a country that wants to punish that person because of race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, language, colour, political opinion, sex, sexual orientation, age, mental or physical disability, or status.
