-
129 BCE
Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
Galen was the first person to better undserstand the human body by learning and sharing that the body contained different liquids lile bile and blood thus further understanding illnesses.He as also known as the first person to dissect a body. -
The inheritance of acquired characteristics
Alternative to Charles Darwin's Natural Selection, http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_09 -
Gregor Mendel publishes works on inheritance of traits in pea plants
Mendel concludes that offspring inherit traits from both parents by using pea plants and their parental genes. -
Voyage of HMS Beagle
Charles Darwin travels on the HMS Beagle for a trip around the world for the sake of science and biology, http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/a-trip-around-the-world/ -
Alfred Russel Wallace and evolutionary processes
Wallace played important role with the theory of evolution, despite his theories, Darwin received all the credit, http://www.npr.org/2013/04/30/177781424/he-helped-discover-evolution-and-then-became-extinct -
Louis Pasteur And Spontaneous Generation
Louis Pasteur debunked the theory of Spontaneous Generation by concluding that germs could only come from other germs. -
The Origins of Species By Means Of Natural Selection
Book about natural selection that would make history in the eyes of biology by Charles Darwin, https://librivox.org/the-origin-of-species-by-charles-darwin/ -
The germ theory of disease is publisherd
Louis Pasteur was the scientist that developed the idea that microorganisms can cause diseases, https://bigpictureeducation.com/history-germ-theory -
Hardy and Weinberg independently develop the Hardy-Weinberg equation for determining allele frequencies in populations
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/anthro/bioanth/ch3/chap3.htm
The Hardy and Weinberg theory states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. -
T. Hunt Morgan discovers sex-linkage
Morgan discovered that genes are in the chromosomes by doing experimental studies on fruit flies.
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/timeline/1910_Morgan.php -
Neils Bohr develops the Bohr model of atom structure
Bohr discovers that the Atom has a positively charged Nucleus that has orbiting electrons surrounding it.
https://www.wired.com/2009/09/the-development-of-the-atomic-model/ -
Frederick Griffith describes the process of transformation
Griffith Discovers that bacteria can get DNA by the process of Transformation. Study was done using mice.
https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Transformation_Experiment.html -
Ernst Mayr develops the Biological Species Concept
Mayr came up with the biological species concept. He contributed a lot to taxonomy, evolution and population genetics. HHe was known as the 20th century "Darwin."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2871894/ -
Ernest Mayr
Mayr discovered the Biological Species Concept concluding that the animal and plant kingdom including humans come from different species. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2005/05/mayr-m03.html -
Theodosius Dobzhansky publishes Genetics and the Origin of Species
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_20, Dobzhansky proves that mutations in DNA that are carried on to offspring contributed to natural selection and adaptation to one's environment. -
Barbara McClintock describes transposons
McClintock discovers that certain genes did not just stay on one place but instead were mobile.
http://www.pnas.org/content/109/50/20198.full -
Beadle and Tatum publish the 1 gene-1 enzyme hypothesis
Beadle and Tatum concludes that one gene in our bodies has one enzyme linked to it. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-expression-central-dogma/central-dogma-transcription/a/one-gene-one-enzyme-hypothesis -
Coastue develops scuba suit
Father of scuba suit, http://www2.padi.com/blog/2014/01/27/jacques-cousteau-the-father-of-scuba-diving/ -
Avery, MacLoed and McCarty determine that DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic code
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/dna-as-the-genetic-material/dna-discovery-and-structure/a/classic-experiments-dna-as-the-genetic-material, Avery Macloed and McCartyheat killed S cellsand purified by Transforming Principle to prove that DNA was the actual transforming principal thus proving DNA carries genetic code. -
Miller Uray Experiments
Experiment to determine what kind of environment would be needed for life to begin, http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/miller_urey_experiment.html -
Rosalind Franklin works with DNA and X-Ray crystallography and develops “Image 51”
http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/76072.aspx
Rosalind Franklin creates an Xray of DNA that produced a diffraction concluding DNA was a double helix -
Hershey Chase experiments
Confirmation that DNA is genetic material, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hershey–Chase_experiment -
Watson and Crick propose the double helix model of DNA structure
Crick and Watson discover that DNA is shaped as a double helix, and that matching base pairs interlocked in the middle of the double helix to keep the distance between the chains constant. -
Meselson and Stahl work with DNA replication
Meselson and Stahl discover that DNA has the ability to replicate.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/nucleic_acids/06t.html -
Nirenberg cracks the genetic code
Nirenberg and his collegeues crack the genetic code by realizing RNA was single stranded and DNA was double stranded they also linked together the amino acids that belonged to one another.
https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/gene-code/history.html -
Austropothelicus afarensis nicknamed Lucy
"Lucy" acquired her name from the song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" by the Beatles, which was played loudly and repeatedly in the expedition camp all evening after the excavation team's first day of work on the recovery site. After public announcement of the discovery, Lucy captured much public interest, becoming a household name at the time, http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-afarensis -
The Sanger Technique is developed
DNA sequencing and base sequencing in the insulin models discovered by Sanger https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/frederick-sanger-method-man-problem-solver-6537485 -
Deep sea hydrothermal vents and associated life around them are discovered
http://www.extremescience.com/deep-sea-vents.htm
the discovery of hydrothermal vents and underwater volcanos documented and it is observed that these vents and volcanoes have a lot to do with the underwater life beneath the ocean. -
Theodosius Dobzhansky publishes “Nothing in Science Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolutio
https://answersingenesis.org/theory-of-evolution/nothing-in-biology-makes-sense-except-in-the-light-of-evolution-myth-evalutation/
Dobzhansky writes a book saying how evolution has and will continue will further prove that illumination to future research, heavily accrediting Darwanism. -
Spliceosomes were discovered and described
http://cen.acs.org/articles/93/i39/Uncovering-Spliceosomes-Secrets.html, Splicesomes are large RNP thar assemble RNA which differentiates humans to fruit flies despite all the similar DNA we share. -
Endosymbiosis is described by Lynn Margulis
Margulis entails that EndoSymbiosis was the start of Eukaryotic cells.That mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria, and chloroplasts evolved from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.
https://endosymbiotichypothesis.wordpress.com/history-the-formation-of-the-endosymbiotic-hypothesis/ -
Kary Mullis develops Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polumerase Chain Reaction is a reaction that occurs by copying specific fragments of DNA, https://www.karymullis.com/pcr.shtml -
Tommie Lee Andrews is convicted of rape
The first person in history to be convicted of rape by DNA. http://www.promegaconnections.com/how-a-magazine-ad-helped-convict-a-rapist/ -
Richard L Bible is executed
A man is executed 23 years later after DNA evidence links the man guilty for the rape and murder of a 9 year old girl. http://archive.azcentral.com/news/articles/20110630arizona-execution-richard-lynn-bible.html -
The Innocence Project is found
https://www.innocenceproject.org/how-i-found-the-innocence-project/ The innocence project helps incriminated individuals that were falsely imprisoned and might possibly face the death sentencing by proving their innocence via DNA. -
Dolly the sheep is cloned
The first sheep and animal in history to be cloned by an adult cell
http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/ -
CRISPr/CAS 9 is identified and described
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/crispr-cas9-technique-explained
CRISPr is a strip of DNA that bacteria steal from viruses to replicate replica's and defend themselves from virus's. This strip can be used to modify genes. -
Sahelenthropus discovered
The oldest Homoid ever found, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sahelanthropus-tchadensis-ten-years-after-the-disocvery-2449553/ -
Homo denisova fossil discovered
https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/denisovan/, A well preserved pinkie bone is discovered where Nuclear DNA is extracted from to prove that Denisovan people like the Neanderthal once existed in history. -
