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Gilded Age: 1870-1890.
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The Interstate Commerce Act was a precursor to the Sherman Antitrust Act.
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Senator Sherman introduced Section 1 in Congress.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act is signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison.
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Gave rise to the Populist Party - favored government regulation.
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The American Railway Union was found to be an illegal contract.
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Addyston Pipe and Steel Company was found guilty of monopolistic practices. Established "rule of reason."
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Theodore Roosevelt begins his term and was nicknamed the "trust buster."
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Northern Securities Company was a railroad trust that fixed prices.
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Standard Oil is accused of monopolizing into a single company in New Jersey owned by John Rockefeller.
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The FTC was established to regulate business during Wilson's presidency .
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Clayton Act is added to clarify Section 2 of the Sherman Act. It defined illegal and anticompetitive merging.
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US Steel owned by JP Morgan is broken up by antitrust laws during Woodrow Wilson's administration.
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Robinson-Patman Act was a further amendment to the Clayton Act.
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The economy was thriving and there was little concern over antitrust.
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Department of Justice investigated Microsoft for antitrust claims due to the bundling of Internet Explorer with their operating system.
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U.S. found Hoffmann-La Roche and BASF vitamin companies guilty for fixing the price of vitamins.
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21 airlines have been fined 1.7 billion because they price-fixed.
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The "lockout" in the NFL was a result of a price arrangement between the owners of teams and the NFL. The players are arguing that this is a form of price-fixing.
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By merging the last two GSM networks, it could create a monopoly, in which GSM consumers have no choice or competition among carriers.
