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Discobery of nucleic acid
Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher first isolates a substance he calls "nuclein" from the nuclei of white blood cells. He later realizes that this substance is composed of both protein and a new, unknown substance that he calls "nucleic acid." -
Baises of DNA
Miescher's work is further developed by the German biochemist, Albrecht Kossel, who determines that nucleic acid is composed of nitrogen-containing bases, sugars, and phosphates. -
Levene's Tetranucleoide
In 1910, Phoebus Levene discoverd the Tetrabucleoide. And with that, he sugested for the first time the four base molecules, A, C, G, T. -
Griffith's Transformation experiment
Frederick Griffth's dircoverd the transformatiuon and tranferition of DNA. The experiment was by using strains of Streptococcus the tipe s (virulent) and type R (non virulent) He saw thet if tou put dead tipe (s) and alive tipe (R), the DNA was passed. -
Synthesitation of adeine
English biochemist, Alexander Todd, synthesizes adenine, one of the four nitrogen-containing bases in DNA. -
The tetranucleotide hypothesis
English biochemist, Phoebus Levene, proposes the "tetranucleotide hypothesis," which say that the four nitrogen-containing bases in DNA are repeated in a set order to form a repeating unit called a "nucleotide." -
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material responsible for transmitting hereditary information from one generation to the next. -
Rosalin Franklin
Rosalind Franklin was a British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer known for her work on the structure of DNA. She captured Photograph 51, which helped in discovering the DNA double helix. Unfortunately, she was not awarded the Nobel Prize for her contributions. -
Pauling's triple helix
Linus Pauling proposed the concept of a triple helix structure for DNA in the 1950s, where he suggested that the molecule was composed of three intertwined helices. However, this idea was later proven incorrect with the discovery of the DNA double helix structure by Watson and Crick. -
Photo 51
Photograph 51, taken by Rosalind Franklin in 1952, is an X-ray diffraction image of fibers of DNA. It provided crucial evidence for the discovery of the DNA double helix structure and helped Watson and Crick build their model. Despite its importance, the photograph has been overshadowed by the Nobel Prize-winning work of Watson and Crick. -
Hershey-Chase experiment
A pair of scientist dicoberd the base of more about the basic of the genetic matirial. They were called Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase -
Counting Nucleobases
Erwin Chargaff discovered by a paper of cromatography and UV spectroscopy to examine the abundance of Nucleobases in 1952. -
The double-helix
James Watson and Francis Crick publish their famous paper describing the double-helix structure of DNA. The discovery of the DNA structure revolutionizes the field of genetics and provides a clear explanation for how genetic information is stored and transmitted. -
Chain termination method
Sanger sequencing, also known as the “chain termination method”, is a method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA. -
Firts clone
Mullins introduces the Polymerase Chain Reaction, while the first human gene is successfully cloned. -
First human disease gene mapped with DNA markers
DNA markers are unique variations in an individual's DNA that can be used for identification, relationship analysis, and forensic investigations. They can also help identify disease risks and aid in personalized medical treatment. -
Firts succesful gene terapy
The first successful gene therapy was in September 1990 on a girl with an inherited disease called adenosine deaminase deficiency. The therapy involved removing blood-forming cells from the patient, modifying them in the lab to correct the genetic defect causing the disease, and then returning the modified cells to the patient. -
Microarray tecnology
Microarray technology is a high-throughput method used to analyze the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. It uses an array of DNA sequences to quickly study gene expression, genetic variations, and drug effects on gene expression. -
Firts animal cloned
The fist animal cloned was a shep called dolly in 1997 by the institution of Roslin d' Scotland starting from an adult somatic cell.