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Jamestown
The very first peminant English colony was established to provide profit for the mother country. It was only after tobacco, an important cash crop was established that Jamestown became a success. -
House of Burgesses
This colonial governming body allowed the colonists their taste of self-government. Representatives from each burgess or district would meet and establish taxes and laws for their area. This had to meet with the royal governor's approval, but colonists still felt that they had power. -
Mayflower Compact
The puritans from the Plymouth colony (Mass.) decided to create their own laws, which established the important self-governing priciple of majority rule. -
Navigations Acts
England felt that the American colonies were gaining great profit through overseas trade and wanted a greater share of profit. These acts strictly enforced policies that established Britain as the middleman in colonial trade. Any ships had to pass through English ports and have a majority English or or colonial crew on board. English authorities also had approval over which countries could trade with the colonies:this provision seriously lessened colonial proftits. -
John Peter Zenger
Zenger was accused of sedition and libel by a royal official who took offense to the newspaper man's criticism of limits on free expression. Zenger was put on trial in front of a colonial jury who found him innocent because what he printed was the truth. This decision is the basis for the fundamental American freedom of press. -
Great Awakening
Many colonists began expressing their religious ideas through new churches other than the Church of England or Angelican Church. This direct break with the official religious authority in England shows that colonists began thinking for themselves and choosing to differ from the mother countries. -
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin's attempt to unite volunteers from all colonies to establish a common defense. The plan didn't work but it was the first time colonists planned to unite to defend themselves without the help of England. -
Proclamation of 1763
In an attempt to settle the Natives along the frontier. England banned all colonial settlement post the Appalaichan Mountains. This policy enraged the colonists who only fought the French and Indians War for more land -
Stamp Act
England's latest attempt to get money from the colonies comes in the form of a direct tax on a variety of goods. Things ranging from legal documents to decks of cards. The colonies protest by going after custom agents and later organize a more effective boycott of English Goods. -
Boston Massacre
Tension between colonists and the standing army left over from the French and Indian war has been high. Many citizens feel that the soldiers were spying on them, others resent the competitions they present for local jobs. When soldiers begin fightings colonists for jobs, someone shoots into the crowd. When the violence ends, five colonists are dead. To drum up support, Samuel Adams and other patriots dub the skirmish a 'massacre" -
Tea Act
In an effort to ease tensions with their American Colonists and save their lagging East India company, the British government passes this act which gives all colonial tea business to the india company but at a much lower price to the consumer. Rather than be grateful, being cut out of their own business outrages the colonists. This is what led Samuel Adams and many other to dress up as Natives and act out the Boston Tea party. -
Quartering acts
This part of the Intolerable Acts was especially infuriating to the colonists who felt thst they should not have to shoulder the responsibility of housing the British Army when they dont want them around in the first place. Few colonists actually had to have their privacy compromised but the idea of possible doin so outraged many. -
Otive Branch petitions
A committe of colonists draft a letter to the king of England asking for an end to fightings and vow obedience if certain demands are met. King George III refuse to even read the letter. -
Lexington and Concord
Fighitng between colonial militias and British soldiers occur when Gen. Gage finds out that colonists are stockpiling weapons. When he tries to confiscate the arms he is met with armed resistance. The first shot between the two sides was fired in a crowd and no one is sure who fired the first shot. Colonists officially became the enemy of the british and Boston was now held captive by the British army -
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson drafts a document that is a list of complaints against Britain. This list was designed to serve two purposes; one, to notify England and the rest of the world of America's intent and reasons for it, and secondly, it was to rally the coloinsts behind a great cause by inspiring them to throw off the shackles of opression -
Common sense
A popular pamphlet written by Thomas Paine states that it is obvious that England and her American colonies should not remain united. The two are so vastly different that they can't have common goals and the rule of the monarchy is so oppressive that the colines will never prosper under British rule. The only "common sense" is to declare independence. This helps to persuade some colonists who had been against such actions