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The Black Death was passed around and carried by rats and rat fleas: trade routes seemed to be what transported the rats and rat fleas. 75-200 million people died, this was about 50-60 percent of the population, and it took 200 years to repopulate Europe.
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The Renaissance was a cultural movement that started in Florence, and spread throughout Europe. Some factors of the start of the Renaissance include: Trade and Prosperity, The Crusades, New wealth, and the Black Death.
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Filippo Brunelleschi discovered a many new architectural techniques that revolutionized architecture forever with his work (the first free-standing dome structure) on the Florence Cathedral.
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The invention of the Printing Press sparked the mass production of many books.
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The Gutenberg Bible was the first book that was printed on the first printing press; the book was printed in Latin (very popular language) so that more people would be able to read it.
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The artist, humanist, scientist, and naturalist Leonardo da Vinci was born.
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In 1508, Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the of the Sistine Chapel. Before this, Michelangelo became known by his sculptures like the well known David and Pieta.
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Martin Luther, having been a Loyal member and monk of the Catholic church, was sent on a pilgrimage by the church to Rome. In Rome, Martin saw how corrupt the Catholic church was, selling indulgences to those with the money. Martin went and studied the Bible and found a lot of the things the church was doing to be wrong. So he wrote 95 theses about faith and how man should be forgiven by their faith and not by their good works, and he nailed them to the Wittenberg Castle church.