Renaissance and Reformation Timeline

Inferno (Literary Works)

Jan 1, 1314

The Inferno is a book by Dante Alighieri that focuses on a journey out of Hell and to Heaven. His poems often touched upon fantasy and religion at the same to spark imaginations. The story was published in 1314.
Information:
http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/inferno/facts/
Picture:
https://kottke.org/17/10/the-experience-of-time-in-dantes-inferno

Music (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)

Jan 1, 1320

People were exposed to a lot of music during the Renaissance. Choirs were seen quite often. Polyphony, a style of music in which multiple parts were put together to create a harmony, was used frequently. Ars Nova, a type of polyphony, was created in the year 1320.
Information:
http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/middle/index.html
https://www.britannica.com/art/Ars-Nova-music
Life During the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.acc.umu.se/~akadkor/early/IIID_Ockeghem_Johannes.html

Indulgences (The Catholic Church (Pre-Reformation))

Jan 1, 1343

Indulgences were documents that forgave all sin for whom it was bought for. They were traditionally bought for the dead to get them through purgatory faster. Pope Clement VI allowed indulgences in 1343.
Information:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/indulgence
Martin Luther and Reformation Powerpoint
Picture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulgence

Merchants (Patrons of the Arts)

Jan 1, 1350

After the plague nearly vanished in the year 1350, people had less opportunities to build upon their business. Fortunately one business was booming due to the Renaissance: art. Merchants starting getting involved in the creating and selling of art. That support allowed for creative expression in the Renaissance.
Information:
http://www.history.com/topics/black-death
Italian Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
http://www.italialiving.com/featured/leadership-in-the-renaissance-florence/

Filippo Brunelleschi (Renaissance Art/Artists)

Jan 1, 1377

Filippo Brunelleschi was an architect from Florence, Italy. He began as an apprentice to a goldsmith and created his style from classical Roman buildings. He built the Basilica di San Lorenzo after he had experience. He had passed a "road-block" in the architecture world while using the dome structure. He was born in 1337.
Information:
http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissance/brunelleschi.html
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance
Picture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Florence

Three Popes (The Catholic Church (Pre-Reformation))

Jan 1, 1378

After the office of the papacy had been moved three times and three popes had been elected, people questioned who had power. This event was called the Great Papal Schism and it took place in the year 1378. The office of the papacy was moved back to Rome from Avignon. Christians were in a time of confusion.
Information:
http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-28/1378-great-papal-schism.html
Life During the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zn3_UduWB4w

The Parliament of Fowls (Literary Works)

Jan 1, 1383

The Parliament of Fowls is a poem that was written for St. Valentine's Day. The poem is about lovers and makes differences and similarities about the body and soul. It was published in 1383 and was meant for lovers on St. Valentine's Day.
Information:
http://www.potw.org/archive/potw313.html
https://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/chaucer/PF.html
Picture:
http://www.todayinliterature.com/stories.wk.asp?Event_Date=2/14/2003

Donatello (Renaissance Art/Artists)

Jan 1, 1386

Donatello was an Italian sculptor. The studying of the sculptures of both the Greeks and Romans helped to inspire him. Donatello created many awe-inspiring sculptures, including ones of Saint George and David, that were examples for others during the Renaissance. He was born in the year 1386.
Information:
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Powerpoint
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donatello
Picture:
http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth213/donatello_david.html

Harpsichord (Inventions)

Jan 1, 1397

The harpsichord is one of the many instruments to be invented during this time period. A string is plucked every time a key is hit on the newer versions of the harpsichord. The creation of the instrument paved the way for other keyed instruments in the future. The first harpsichord was created in the year 1397.
Information:
http://www.softschools.com/inventions/history/harpsichord_history/233/
Life During the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
http://www.harpsichord.cz/index_ENG.php?m=02&n=05

The Medici Family (Patrons of the Arts)

Jan 1, 1449

A family of very powerful and wealthy merchants known as the Medicis lived in Florence, Italy. They controlled much of the government, as well as almost all of the banking industry. Cosimo de Medici was the wealthiest man in Europe at the time. His grandson, Lorenzo de Medici, became a great supporter of the arts. He was born on January 1, 1449.
Information:
Italian Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici

Simony (The Catholic Church (Pre-Reformation))

Jan 1, 1487

Simony is the selling of positions in the Church. Many citizens were angered whenever it occurred because it showed that anyone could get a high position in the Church. One example of this was when Pope Innocent VIII sold 24 church positions in 1487.
Information:
https://historysage.com/jcms/images/PDFs/04-Reformation.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Innocent-VIII
Martin Luther and Reformation Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/bible-words/simony

Leonardo (Renaissance Art/Artists)

Jan 1, 1503

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter who was born in the Republic of Florence. In order to understand how bodies work and to make very realistic paintings, he dissected human bodies. His scientific notebooks had very advanced information. He started painting the Mona Lisa, a very realistic painting, in 1503.
Information:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-da-Vinci/Introduction
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa

Michelangelo (Renaissance Art/Artists)

Jan 1, 1505

Michelangelo was an Italian artist that explored many of the arts. He painted, sculpted, and was experienced in architecture. A Tomb was to be built for Pope Julius II by Michelangelo in the year 1505. Michelangelo became very well-known during his life, which was uncommon.
Information:
https://www.michelangelo.org/
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g187791-d192275-i206306804-San_Pietro_in_Vincoli-Rome_Lazio.html

The Pocket Watch (Inventions)

Jan 1, 1510

The pocket watch is an item that can measure time and can be used for a symbol of status or fashion. People could tell the time with ease. A spring and gear contraption on the inside would turn the hands. Peter Henlein created the first pocket watch in the year 1510.
Information:
https://www.smore.com/ygspd
Picture:
https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/CQLyeqppGOtCLA

Ninety-Five Theses (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)

Oct 31, 1517

Martin Luther had many problems with the Catholic Church. He compiled a set of ninety-five theses that stated just that. They were nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. That action caused many arguments and strife with the Church but also caused many things to change and started a revolution.
Information:
http://www.luther.de/en/anschlag.html
Martin Luther and Reformation Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justin-taylor/95-theses/

Lutheranism (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)

Nov 1, 1517

Lutheranism is a religion that was founded in 1517 from the beliefs of Martin Luther. Lutherans reject many teachings from the Catholic Church and do not follow the pope. German princes supported Martin Luther which allowed for him to preach his work. Many supported his teachings, and fights occurred between the Catholics and the Lutherans.
Information:
http://www.patheos.com/library/lutheran
Martin Luther and Reformation Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-9389283

Trade (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)

Jan 1, 1519

Trade was and still is a very common thing because goods can be exchanged and can travel long distances to reach many people. Florence and Venice were two ports in Italy that took in goods from other countries during the Renaissance. Mexican turkeys were imported to Europe in the year 1519.
Information:
http://extension.illinois.edu/turkey/history.cfm
Life During the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
http://www.yukkutzhunting.com/mexican-slam-hunt-2017/

Raphael (Renaissance Art/Artists)

Apr 6, 1520

Raphael was an Italian painter in the High Renaissance. He trained to be a painter in Urbino, where he was born. He helped to decorate the papal apartments by the order of the pope. Raphael died on April 6, 1520, at the age of 37.
Information:
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/raphael
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect
Picture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael

Madrigals (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)

Jan 1, 1530

Madrigals are a type of sung poetry or romantic compositions. The type of music often uses polyphony because madrigals involve three to six singers in a choir. Madrigals made it easier to create songs out of small poems or other pieces of literature. Composers in Europe created the madrigal in the year 1530.
Information:
http://www.mozartsroses.com/facts-and-fun-about-madrigals.html
Life During the Renaissance Powerpoint
Picture:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madrigal_quagliati.png

Translation of the Bible (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)

Jan 1, 1534

Martin Luther desired to give a translation of the Bible to others in German, and that's what he did. Even though it would cause strife and would put him in danger, he believed that everyone should be able to read the Bible. The first translated copy of the Bible in German was printed in 1534.
Information:
http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/luther.html
Reformation Summary & Comparison Powerpoint
Picture:
https://www.museeprotestant.org/en/notice/martin-luther-translator-of-the-bible/

Heliocentric Solar System (Scientific Discoveries)

Jan 1, 1543

The Heliocentric Solar System is an idea that the sun is the center of the galaxy and that Pluto is the furthest object from the center. This evidence changed the ideas of people over time because every used to think that the Earth was in the center. Nicolaus Copernicus made this design in the year 1543.
Information:
https://www.smore.com/ra4zs-heliocentric-solar-system
Picture:
http://astro.hopkinsschools.org/course_documents/history/copernicus_to_galileo/copernicus.htm

Romeo and Juliet (Literary Works)

Jan 1, 1597

Romeo and Juliet is a play written by William Shakespeare. It focuses on the infatuation between Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare's plays could be seen by anyone which gave many a unique experience. The play was published in 1597.
Information:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Romeo-and-Juliet
https://classroom.synonym.com/did-william-shakespeare-affect-renaissance-23715.html
Picture:
https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/10/romeo-and-juliets-balcony-scene-doesnt-exist/381969/

The Telescope (Inventions)

Jan 1, 1608

The telescope is an item or instrument that has lenses and mirrors to help the user see distant objects. Even though Galileo created the best telescope for viewing astronomical images, Hans Lippershey created the first telescope. Hans paved the way for improvement and astronomical discovery during the Renaissance. He finished his telescope in 1608.
Information:
https://www.smore.com/4dxvn
Picture:
https://www.tumblr.com/search/hans%20lippershey

Scientific Method (Scientific Discoveries)

Jan 1, 1623

The scientific method is a method of development and research used by scientists. It allows for the identification of a problem, and the rooting out of solutions. Galileo used this method to help him prove his theories. He published a book in 1623, entitled The Assayer, which explains the scientific method.
Information:
https://www.onlineeducation.com/features/galileo-galilei
https://www.smore.com/bt875
Picture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Assayer

Boyle's Law (Scientific Discoveries)

Jan 1, 1662

Boyle's Law is a relation, created by Robert Boyle, between the expansion and compression of gas at a constant temperature. Other scientists saw this relation including Edme Mariotte, a French physicist. Boyle created the law in the year 1662.
Information:
https://www.britannica.com/science/Boyles-law
Picture:
https://www.britannica.com/science/Boyles-law