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1532 - 1540
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Revealed how wealthy the religious institutions were and it was discovered that the income of monasteries was 3 times that of the royal estate therefore had the potential to double the crown's income.
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Cromwell's survey discovered that corruption and abuses were more common in smaller monasteries, this was an excuse to close them - moral depravity.
(This occurred at the same time as the Valor Ecclesiasticus) -
Cromwell organised visitation to investigate the moral and spiritual standards of religious institutes.
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Brief statement of the Church's belief only involved 3 out of the seven sacraments of Catholicism (Baptism, Eucharist and Penance).
- Faced with strong opposition from a group of Conservative bishops -
Cromwell created instructions to those in positions of authority within the Church to ensure that certain practices ceased to exist and others were followed
- vague and generally ignored -
Monasteries and religious institutions which had an income of less than £200 per year were to be closed
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Mainly in the North of England - an area which was less exposed to new religious ideas due to their lack of trade and links with Europe. Time period consisted of a series of uprisings against the religious change.
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Lasted 16 days and was led by well-to-do landowners not just the peasantry meaning it was a more threatening uprising than usual.
- 40,000 Lincolnshire responded to call to arms
- Rebel army generally well-armed and disciplined
Wanted Henry to reverse his unpopular policies therefore dispersed immediately after the offer that their demands will be considered was made. -
High quality leadership - Robert Aske
'The Oath of Honourable Men' - attempt to avoid treachery
Ask coined and popularised term 'Pilgrimage of Grace'
Wanted to persuade Henry to abandon his attacks on the Church and return to loyalty to Rome.
'Pilgrimage of Grace' had turned into a particularly threatening uprising.
- Pontrefact Castle (Lord Thomas Darcy)
- Duke of Norfolk
- December 24 separate articles (Reversal of political + rel. change, return to freely elected Parliaments) Execution -
Within two years every Parish Church was obliged to posses a copy of a Bible in English which must be accessible for everyone to read
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Four 'lost' sacraments were 'found' but clearly stated that they were less important than the others
Development of the Ten articles -
More detailed instructions which were more effective than the first
More reformist (in a Protestant direction) -
Confirmed transubstantiation, private masses, auricular confessions whilst banning the marriage of priests and any others who had taken a vow of chastity.
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Bible in English
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Act in Parliament that meant that no challenges to the validity of the King's title to the possessions allowed in court
(Surrendering of monastic property) -