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Kingdom of Siam was an abosulute monarchy ruled by the House of Chakri by King Buddha Chulaloke (Rama I), of which the royal family still rulling Thailand been Rama IX. Thailand has never been conquered (only country in south-east Asia that has not been Invaded and overthrown.
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Rama X was a moderniser who brought western ideas into Thailand, e.g. Law, Politics, education medicine. Rama X son and grandson contiuned modernisation of Thailand but without changing the political system.
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A group of young offiecers tried to introduce a democratic goverment and overthrogh the King.
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Born on 5th of December 1927. Bhumibol center with his mother and two siblings. He grew up in the USA.
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Rama IX is still alive, He is currently 81 years old.
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Grat Depression severely damaged Thailands ecconmy and sped up the need for reform.
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The first Constituion took away most of the Kings powers and set up a limited democratic goverment because they beleived the people did not understand democracy. But by the end of the year the permanetent gave back the king many of it's powers.
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In 1932 Rama XII agreed to becoming a constituional Monarchy. Toppled absolute Monarchy
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The People's Party, a coalition of civil servants, princes, and army officers, seized power in a bloody coup. A provisional constitution was sent to King Prajadhipok along with an ultimatum from Party leaders. On 26 June, the King met the Party leaders and refused to sign the charter. Due to the bloodless coup, the King signed it, hoping it would stop the bloody coup.
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The People's Party, facing an internal power struggle and opposition from the King, promulgated a permanent constitution in 10 December 1932 that gave the monarchy a significant increase in authority compared to the temporary charter.
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Junior Officers took control of power. (Installed New Prime-Minsiter.
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March on Bangkok. Lieutenant-Colonel Phibun Counter-Attacked. Prince Boworadet's claims defeated (together with rebels).
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First General elections in Thailand
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Gives up throne; National assembly invited prince Anada Mahidol(10 years old) to accend the throne. a regency of two senior princes and Chaophrya Yommarat appointed.
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King advocates and left Siam and dying in England in 1941.
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Badly effects Thai eccnomy; rise of Thai Nationalism and development of Thai national identity.
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New General election in 1937, Signifacant change in national assembly. Septermeber 1938 Cabinet resign; New elections called. Luang Phibunsongkhram became PM. Pm from 1938 to 1944.
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Siam replaced with Thailand
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Laos and Cambodia
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Japan informs Thailand that it is at war with the USA and Great Britain. Thailand is neutral.
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No longer Neutral
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Thai national assembly forced resignation of PM Phibun; Anti-Japanese free Thai undergrond, Infiltrated goverment. Political Climate changes to Anti-Japanese
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Appeases allies and promised to give back territory in the Malay and Shan provences. US support Thailand against Great Britain. August 15 1945 Japan surrenders and Pridi repudiated all agreements with Japan. PM Khaung resigns and caretaker goverment appointed.
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Thailand had a very big relationship with the America. Thailand gave there service to the US in the Vietnam war.
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Rama IX had one older brother, His Majesty King Ananda Mahidol (Rama XIII). Rama XIII reigned for 11 years, 99 days, before he was found shot dead in his bedroom in the Grand Palace. His younger Brother Bhumibol succeeded him.
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Bhumibol ascended the throne following the death by gun-shot wound of his brother, King Ananda Mahidol (Rama XIII), on 9 June 1946. But straight after this, Bhumibol left for Switzerland to finish of his Degree and left his Uncle (Prince of Chainat) to be appointed Prince Regent and his Older Sister to continue the royalist struggle for increased power and revive royal rituals. During this time, Royals regain Control of the thrones assets and buisness affairs.
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Thai Court stopped prosecution of Phibun and allies under the war crimes act.
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Lessened Pridi's parties control of legislature, which fell into kaos.
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Royalist use the death of Rama XIII to discredit Pridi Panomyong who was then excilled.
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Pridi left the country leaving Phibun and Khuang in control under 1946 constittution.
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Khaungs democratic party won at the elections
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In 1948 Phibun arrested northeastern politicans thought to be sympathetic to communism. March 1949 North eastern politican Thong-in and two others shot because of asscoiation with Communism.
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Provides that the Senate be appointed by the King
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King Bhumibol returns from Switzerland after dropping out of University and concertraiting on fast cars. Bhumibol was crowned King of Thailand at the Royal Palace in Bangkok where he pledged that he would "reign with righteousness for the benefit and happiness of the Siamese people".
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Phibun taken Prisoner on board Manhattan. The Coup group was forced to negotiate. Phibun swam to saftey. The Manhatten coup was defeated
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Rise of the communist power in Vietnam.
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Won by Phibun's Party with many allegations of fraued and vote rigging.
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Sarit was appointed responsible for public order. Phibuns goverment failed to deal properly with drought in northeast and was invovled in fraued.
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Phibun failed in the courts, there was a succeful military Coup.
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Sarit restored monarchy to active Thai Society
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After Phoumi, supported by Thailand, staged a coup, there was civil war in Laos and Thailand became alarmed that communisim had come to it's borders. A commitment was made by the US to defend Thailand. Thailand pledged to support the US in the Vietnam War. A border despute between Thailand and Cambodia (invovling temple Preah Vihear) lead to an ICJ deceion against Thailand in 1962.
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General Thanom Kittikachorn took over as Prime Minister. He remained Prime Minister until 1973.
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And later at Khorat.
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Communist threats in Thailand, assisted by Cadres trained in North Vietnam and Laos.
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Including:
45000 US Military
600 Aircraft
To carry Air Operations against Laos and Vietnam. Mid 1964, Thai Airforce contingent went to South Vietnam with a navel contingent in 1965. 1966 to 1969, Thai troops were fighting in Laos. January 1967 Thai combat unit to South Vietnam, with 2200 Thai troops in Vietnam by mid 1967. 11000 by 1969. -
around Chiang Rai and Nan Provinces, as well as in the Loei-Phitsanulok-Phetchabun area. Communist insurgency was also a serious threat in the mid-south (Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surratthani provinces.
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Began when University students were expelled for anti-government publications.
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Involving 200-500,000 people demanded a new constitution. PM Thanom was forced to resign.
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Dr. Sanya Dhanmasaki legal scholar became PM. A new Constitiuon with a fully elected parliament was made and elections were fixed for January 1975.
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107, 634 enrollements in higher education.
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Lead to no clear winner. Kukrit formed a unstable Coalition.
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New Elections are called. The democrats 114 of 279 seats. The left Parties did badly.
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Bangkok Newpapers showed University students hanging the Crown Pinces effigy . Army radio stations called upon Thai's to fight the students and kill communist's. Nationlist groups and others attacked Thammasat University burning, beating and lynching students.
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The miliatry administrative reform council put in it's own Prime Minister. October 1997, An army general Kriangsak became Prime Minister.
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200,000 enrollments
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Secretly returning in 1949 in order to stage a pro-democracy coup against Phibun's dictatorship. When this failed, Pridi left for China, and never came back to Thailand. From China, he left to France, where he spent the remainder of his life. Pridi Died in Paris.In an interview, Rama IX said "he does not believe that Pridi was involved in his brother's death".
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In 1992, King Rama IX played a key role in the transition of Thailands democratic system. The Black May was against the goverment of General Suchinda Kraprayoon and the military crackdown that followed shortly after. It was estimated that 200 people demonstrated in Bangkok. This resulted in 52 offically dead, mayn missing and injured and around 3500 arrest.
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It was ended thankyou to the Royal Family The very popular Princess Sirindhorn addresed the country and asked them to stop the violence. Later, so did the Crown Prince. but at around 9-10 o'clock, King Bhumibol demanded that the two men (Suchinda, and Chamlong) end to their confrontation and work together through parliamentary procedures.
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On 24 May 1992, Suchinda resigned as Prime Minister of Thailand.
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Many Strikes and rural protest
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IMF unveiled a rescue package for Thailand with more than $17 billion.
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It was hailed as a landmark in Thai democartic Constituional reform. The 1997 Constitution was the first constitution to be drafted by popularly-elected Constitutional Drafting Assembly, hence was popularly called the "People's Constitution". The 1997 Constitution created a bicameral legislature. For the first time in Thai history, both houses were directly elected. Many human rights were established to increase the stability of elected governments.
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Thai Rak Thai (Taksin Party) won general election.
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For Universal Healthcare and Village funds + war on drugs with massacre at Takbai.
2005 TRT win second general election. -
Beginning of PAD
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The 1997 Constituion set aside, TRT bannened and executive also banned from elections for five years.
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A majority of Thai's at a referendom voted for the 2007 Constitution which includes speration of three institutions of government and substancial human rights protection. The Constitution rest's on a Constituional Monarchy.
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Wins 226 out of 480 seats at general election.
