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Period: Dec 15, 1200 to Dec 15, 1500
Three Worlds Meet - Chapter 1
Migrate- When people or animals move from one place to another because they ran out of food and resources.
Adobe- Sun-dried bricks made from clay and straw used to build house by the Hopi and Acoma's.
Iroquois Leaque- Native people who lived in Eastern Woodlands who built their villages in forest clearings.
Renaissance- A rebirth of a place.
Prince Henry the Navigator- He sends Portuguese ships to explore Africa's west coast. -
Period: Dec 15, 1200 to Dec 15, 1500
Three Worlds Meet - Chapter 1 (Continued)
Christopher Columbus- He wanted to find a different route to Asia by crossing the Atlantic.
Conquistador- Spaniard explorer and conqueror who traveled to America in the 16th century.
Hernan Cortes- Spanish conquerer who conquered the Aztec.
Moctezuma- Native American tribe.
Columbian Exchange- Exchanging plant's and animals between America, Europe, and Africa. -
Period: Dec 15, 1492 to
The American Colonies Emerge - Chapter 2
Presidio- A military fortified settlement between Spain and Spanish America.
Mestizo- A mix between Spanish (Peninsulares) and Native American population. Peninsulares and Native women getting married.
Northwest Passage- A route in the sea that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
Joint-Stock Company- A business man who funded and maintained the English colonies.
John Smith- A soldier and sea captain who helped find the English colonies, poet, leader, and profitable tobacco crop. -
Period: Dec 15, 1492 to
The American Colonies Emerge - Chapter 2 (Continued)
House of Burgesses- Tobacco crop in Jamestown VIrgina legislature of the lower colonial house.
Bacon's Rebellion- A refusal that did not go well between Berkeley and Nathaniel Bacon who was the son of a wealty Englishman.
Puritan- Wanting to purify or reform the England church.
Mayflower compact- First established government work signed on the Mayflower ship by 41 English colonists.
William Penn- He commited to a society of quakers, ran colony on equality, cooperation, and religious tolerate. -
Period: to
The Colonies Come of Age - Chapter 3
Indentured Servant- Young Europeans who sold themselves to get to America to wrok for a certain amount of time.
Middle Passage- A passage taking African slaves to the West Indies and North America.
Magna Carta- A document signed by king John of England saying no taxes without legislative approval.
English Bill of Rights- The US Constitution or 10 amendments written by the English for the US.
Habeus Corpus- Authorite requiring prisoner before the court deciding if prisoner held legally. -
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The Colonies Come of Age - Chapter 3 (Continued)
Salutary Neglect- Enforcement regulation relaxing policy.
Mercantilism- Economic system trying to increase power and wealth.
Enlightenment- Movement using reason and methods of science.
Great Awakening- A religious revival in the American colonies.
Cash Crops- Grown to sale not to use by the grower, growing tobacco. -
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Shaping a New Nation/ The Living Constitution - Chapter 5 (Continued)
The Federalist- Essays written to defend the constitution by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
Popular Sovereignty- A system that the residents vote to decide an issue.
Limited Government- Principlein the US of classical liberalism, free market liberalism, and other tendencies of liberalism and conservation.
Separation of power- Act that belongs to legislative, executive, and judicial power of goverment of different bodies. -
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Shaping a New Nation/ The Living Constitution - Chapter 5 (Continued)
Checks and Balances- Provisions in the US Constitution preventing one branch of the government from getting stronger then the other two branches. -
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Shaping a New Nation/ The Living Constitution - Chapter 5
Bicameral Legislature- The two parliamentary chambers.
Articles of Confederation- A document that was adopted in 1777 by the Second Continental Cogress approved in 1781 by states.
Northwest Ordinance (1787)- Law establishing procedures for new states admission to the union.
Shays' Rebellion- Protest against ncrease state taxes by Massachusetts Farmers.
Great Compromise- Agreement by Constitutional Convention to establish two-house legislature one house equal and second house based on population -
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Launching the New Nation - Chapter 6
Cabinet- A department group of heads serving as the presidents chief advisers which included Henry Knox, Thomas Jefferson, Edund Randolph, and Alexander Hamiltom.
Alexander Hamiltom- The secretary of treasury.
Tariff- A protection tariff made to help industires in America.
Loose construction- A ststute interpretation for the board.
Strict Construction- A statue interpretation for the literal.
Whiskey Rebellion- A protest against taxes in 1791. -
Period: to
Launching the New Nation - Chapter 6 (Continued)
John Jay- Founding father who signed Treaty of Paris and was first chief Justice of the US.
Alien and Sedition Acts- Four laws made in 1798 for reducing political powers.
Marbury v Madison- Case in the supreme court that had the power to get rid of the legislative act.
Judicial Review- Power declaring Congress act unconstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase- US bought France's Louisiana Territory.
Impressment- Forcible seizure of men for military service. -
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Launching the New Nation - Chapter 6 (Continued)
War Hawks- Member in congress who liked to have a war with Britain in the early 1800's.
Andrew Jackson- 7th US president.
Treaty of Ghent- Treaty in 1814 that ends the war of 1812.
Hartford Convention- Couple of meetings in Connecticut discussing political problems of increasing powers. -
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Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism/ Reforming American Society/ Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 7-9
Interchangeable Parts- Parts that can be changed for other parts in manfactoring industries.
Erie Canal- Canal in New York that was 363 miles long, a route from the Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes.
Cotton Gin- Machine that seperated cotton from seeds.
American System- Policy promoting industries adopting high protective tariffs and developing internal improvements.
Henry Clay- US politician responsible for Missouri Compromise between free and slave states. -
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Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism/ Reforming American Society/ Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 7-9 (Continued)
Monroe Doctrine- Europeans can not colonize in the US because it interfers with the Western Hemisphere independence.
Missouri Compromise- To evenly divide states between free and slave states.
Indian Removal Act- Moving Indian tribes on other side of the Mississippi River and they could only take what they could carry.
Jacksonian Democracy- Political movement leading to democracy.
Tariff of Abominations- Tariff protecting US industry.
Nullification- Act to cancel something. -
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Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism/ Reforming American Society/ Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 7-9 (Continued)
2nd Great Awakening- Religious awakening of mostly Baptist and Methodist.
Utopian Community- Societies people lived in that were governed by their faith.
Dorothed Dix- Woman who protested against putting mentally ill in prison.
Nat Turner- Led a slave revolt.
William Lloyd Garrison- He called for freedom of slaves.
Abolition Movement- Movement to end slavery.
Seneca Falls Convention- Women's Rights first convention.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Issued the call for the women rightmovement. -
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Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism/ Reforming American Society/ Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 7-9 (Continued)
Manifest Destiny- A belief that expanding US was justified.
Lone Star Republic- The state of Texas was smallie populated, Spanish gave Mexico independence.
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo- Peace treaty between the US and Mexico.
California Gold Rush- Gold was found in Coloma, California at Sutter's Mill by James W Marshall.
Gadsden Purchase- Land bought from Mexico for $10 billion.
Mormon Movement- Moved on cause of war and told by James Smith, Mormon prophet, their faith can't stay in Illinois. -
Period: to
The Union in Peril - Chapter 10
Wilmot Proviso- Proposed that the land taken from the war with Mexico was open to slavery, an amendment in 1846 for the military appropriation bill.
Popular Sovereignty- System that has the residents vote to decide on the issue.
Compromise of 1850- Intended to settle the disagreement that was between the free and slave states.
Underground Railroads- Route used by slaves who ran away to get to a safe place.
Harriet Beecher Stowe- American author who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. -
Period: to
The Union in Peril - Chapter 10 (Continued)
Kansas-Nebraska Act- A law that was established giving Kansas and Nebraska residents the right to choose to allow slaves or not.
Dred Scott- African American slave who sued for his freedom because he was on slave free territory.
Harper's Ferry- A town in Jefferson County, West Virginia.
Confederate States of America- A confederation of secessionist states in American from 1861 to 1865.
Battle of Fort Sumter- Surrender of Fort Sumter that started the American Civil War. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
Major Robert Anderson -Union
General Beauregaurd -Condiferiate
In South Carolina.
The confederates demand surrender but the Union refused.
First battle in Civil War.
The conferates attacked the supplies Abraham Lincoln sent.
Lasted 6 days. -
The Anaconda Plan
A plan which was the initial stragety in the Civil War the US Army put down to rebel by conferderacy.
North vs South
Plan used by Union -
The First Battle of Bull Run
In Fairfax County and Prince William County.
The union wanted to work of the bulk of the Confederates but the conferderates had another plan so the union lost.
The first major land battle.
Political pressure forced Irvin McDowell to attack. -
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Battle of Shiloh
In Pittsburgh Landing Hardin County Tennessee
Union - Ulysses S Grant vs Confederates - Albert Sydeny
Confederates successful.
Known as the bloodest battle in the Civil War. -
The Battle of Antiedam
Union- George B McClellan
Confederate- Robert E Lee
Lee invaded maryland.
McClellan stopped the invasion.
One of the bloodest on day battles.
Women- 7 for union and 1 for confederate they dressed like men and got into the battle.
Some women were nurse.
Not a clear victory.
South was trying to invade the north but this battle stopped them in their tracks.
This battles freed the slaves in the south and it aloud the African American to be in battle. -
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Battle of Fredericksburg
In Virgina.
North- Major General Ambrose E Burnside
South- General Robert E Lee.
Largest and deadliest Battles in the Civil War.
The Conferderates won.
Fought on souther territoy and E Lee was a good tactiton compare to Burnside.
Women had sewing circles.
Some women were field nurses and others were spies.
African Americans were allowed to volunteer but they didnt get equal pay.
Lead to Mud March in Jaunary 1863.
Burnside was let go of commend by Lincoln because of bad tactician skills. -
Period: to
Chancellorsville
In Chancellorsville Virginia.
Union major General Joseph Hooker vs Cofederate - General Robert E Lee.
Lee invade Maryland and Pennsylvania thinking he would get supplies but he didn't.
Hooker retired after losing and was replaced by General Meade. -
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The Siege of Vicksburg
Last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.
Siege- one side was atampting to cut off all resousre and supplies from the other side.
Union was attemping to cutt off from the Confederates.
It was a failled attempt.
General Pemberton sent a note to General Ulysses S grant demanding a unconditional surrender but Grant won. -
Period: to
Battle of Gettysburg
Union- George G Meade and John F Reynolds.
Confederate- Ribert E Lee.
Lees second attempt to invade the North.
Gettysburg Address given in November. -
Battle of Atlanta
In Southwest of Atlanta, GA
Won by the Union
Union- William T Sherman
Confederate- John Bell Hood
This battle influenced the relection of Abraham Lincoln which was a big cause of the Civil War. -
Period: to
Shermans march to the sea
North- William T Sherman and Ulysses S Grant 62000 men.
South- General Howard and General Slocum 13000 men.
Atlanta to Savannah.
Strategy was Total Warfare.
Destoryed livestock, goods, and miles of railroads.
Destroyed 100 million dollars which is 1.4 billion in todays money.
Sherman freed a lot of slaves on the way. -
Period: to
Reconstruction and It's Effects - Chapter 12
Reconstruction- Period after the Civil War of rebuilding and the Confederates became part of the Union again.
Radical Republicans- Person from the congressional Republicans who wanted to destroy the political power.
Freedmen's Bureau- Agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War by federals.
Black Codes- A law passed post Civil War not allowing African Americans to travel without a permit, carry weapons, serve in jury, testify against, or marry whites. -
Period: to
Reconstruction and It's Effects - Chapter 12 (Continued)
Civil Rights Act 1866- It gave citizenship and same rights the whites have to all males in the US no matter the race, color, former slave, or involuntary servitude.
14th Amendment- It gave citizenship to all the people born or naturalized in the US even former slaves.
15th Amendment- It gave every male the right to vote not depending on the race, color, or other conditions of servitude. -
Period: to
Reconstruction and It's Effects - Chapter 12 (Continued)
Sharecropping- Type of system landowners would give farmers land, seeds, and tools in return for part of the crops the farmer raised.
Ku Klux Klan- A secret group who used terrorist tactics to attempt to make whites superior in the South after the Civil War.
Enforcement Acts- Criminal codes protecting African American rights to vote, hold office, serve on jury, and equal protection of laws. -
Period: to
Reconstruction and It's Effects - Chapter 12 (Continued)
Reparations- An idea that some form of compensatory payment should be made to the decendants of Africans that were enslaved by Atlantic Slave Trade.
Carpetbaggers- Someone who lived in the North and after the Civil War moved to the South during the Reconstruction era but were denounced by the South because they were scared they would brag about defeating them.
Dawes Act- Allowed the President to survey the American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians.
