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Women's Christian Temperance Union was Led by Francis Willard and it inspired by religious morals AND wives/mothers whose male family members became abusive, Alcoholics, broke, ect. Due to drinking. They lobbied for local alcohol bans and anti-alcohol education programs.
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Argument for prohibition: make cities safer, workers would be more efficient, help to Americanize immigrants and it took over prohibition movement in early 1900s. The Anti-Saloon League also was supported by industrialists (especially Robber Barons because their workers can work more efficiently and come in the morning sober.)
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It banned people to build such poorly structured, ventilated, and dark tenements. It required one bathroom for every two family, indoor plumbing, and minimum size and window.
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Square Deal means that the average citizen would get a fair share under Teddy Roosevelt's policies.
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Reformers from National Child Labor Committee:
Collected evidence to document conditions faced by child laborers
Hired investigator/photographer Lewis Hine.
Lewis Hine was like the muckrakers for Child Labor he didn’t publish books but took pictures and post it out. -
Racial discrimination worsening in US
WEB Du Bois: famous black writer & activist created Niagara Movement. The Niagara Movement is a group that promoted racial integration, civil rights, and equal economic opportunities. -
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair exposed horrible conditional meatpacking industry (used glycogen and borax to clean white moldy sausages) being exposed led to huge reforms in the food industry.
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Authorized federal inspection of meat products. The livestock was inspected before and after death and there were sanitary standards at slaughterhouses.
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Formed Food and Drug Administration (FDA), regulated production of sale of food and medicines, and prevented poisonous or spoiled products from being sold.
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It stands for: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. It was formed in 1909 from the Niagara Movement and it's goals were to abolish segregation, establish equal justice, and equal educational opportunities.
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A giant factory fire that started all because of a cigarette and formed Factory Safety Commission which also established 30 new laws regarding the safety of factories.
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The 17th amendment allowed voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators, but before, senators would be elected by state legislatures.
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The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, the first child labor bill, was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. The Act decreased child labor by banning the sale of products made by companies that employed children under certain ages. However, the bill was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1918.
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National Woman’s Party was a campaign for constitutional amendment guaranteeing women’s suffrage from state by state. They had hunger strikes and was much more extreme than NAWSA.
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Congress passed 18th Amendment which banned “manufacture, sale , or transportation” of alcohol and therefore, it was not illegal to drink. However, people still found ways to drink alcohol.
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19th amendment grants women the right to vote and 39 states have full or partial women’s suffrage. This was ratified in 1920 when all the states granted women to vote and have women's suffrage.
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Carrie Chapman Catt was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which ultimately gave U.S. women the right to vote.
