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Restoration
Restoration to Andrew Johnson meant restoring loyalty to the union and abolishing slavery. -
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Andrew Johnson (Democrat)
Democrat -
13th Amendment
This amendment outlawed slavery. -
First Civil Rights Act
Declared African American's to be citizens of the U.S. -
Tenure of Office Act 1867
Kept the president from firing any cabinet member. -
Command of Army Act 1867
Forced the president to issue army orders through the army general. -
Sewards Folly
The purchase of Alaska by Seward even though it was covered in ice. -
Johnson's Impeachment and Trial
Johnson fired a cabinet member and therefore broke the Tenure of Office Act but he wasn't convicted. -
14th Amendment
Offered the first constitutional meaning for citizenship and gave citizenship to certain people that were born in the U.S. -
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Ulysses S. Grant (Republican)
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15th Amendment
Forbade the states/governemtn to keep any citizen from voting. -
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Enforcement Acts
Designed to protect black voters but for the first two times the acts didn't work. -
Alabama Claims
American claims that Britain had violated the neutrality act by aiding the confederates during the Civil War. -
Credit Mobiler Scandal
Some of Grant's administration had excepted a bribe so as to not investigate fraudulent contracts with the Credit Mobiler. -
Panic of 1873
A leading investment bank failed and the government issued more paper currency increasing the inflation of currency. -
Crime of '73
Embraced the gold act and lessened the value of silver. -
Specie Reusmption Act
Deemed after a certain date the greenback dollars would be redeemed for gold. -
Civil Rights Act
Guarenteed African Americans equal treatment. -
Election of 1876
Grant wasn't allowed to run again because of all the scandals that occured during his presidency. -
Compromise of 1877
This compromise allowed Hayes to be president but also ended the Reconstruction era for the South and forced the troops stationed there to leave. -
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Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)
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1880 civil rights cases
The Supreme Court ruled that the 14th amendment only kept the government from discrimination. -
Stalwarts
Favored machine politics. -
Half-Breeds
Favored civil service reforms. -
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James Garfield (Republican)
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Chestur A. Arthur (Republican)
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Chinese Exclusion Act
Stopped the immigration of Chinese to America. -
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
Government officials should be chosen by competitive exams instead of conections. -
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Grover Cleveland (Democrat)
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Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
Led to the interstate commerce act that only the federal government had control over. -
Haymarket Square
Strikers threw dynamite at cops and some were arrested and convicted for the act. -
Interstate Commerce Act
Only allowed the federal government to control interstate commerce. -
Dawes Act
Divided up indian tribe land. -
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Benjamin Harrison (Republican)
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McKinley Tariff
Raised duty on imports to almost 50%. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Prohibited anticompetitve businesses and regulated monopolies. -
Homestead Strike
Stirke against a steel factory which eventually led to presidential and federal involvement. -
Populist Party/Omaha Platform
Started the Populist Party. -
Panic of 1893
Caused by the Collapse of railroads and led to a series of bank failures. -
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Grover Cleveland (Democrat)
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Coxey's Army
Coxey and a group of strikers marched to Washington D.C but were arrested there. -
Pullman Strike
Pullman provided housing but did not reduce the cost of housing when lowering the wages of workers. -
Wilson Gorman Tariff
Lowered United States tariff rates. -
Cross of Gold Speech
Given by William Jennings Bryan, this speech moved many people away from the gold standard and gained the canadicy for president for Bryan. -
Dingley Tariff
Raised tariff rates and counteracted the Wilson Gorman tariff act. -
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William McKinley (Republican)
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Annexation of Hawaii
Added Hawaii to the United States and allowed great trade for sugar to occur. -
Spanish American War
War started because the Spanish were treating the spanish citizens of Cuba and other Spanish territories poorly and the U.S intervened. Somewhat easy victory for the U.S. -
Boxer Rebellion
Led to support for Open Door policy which was previously denied. -
Sinking of the Maine
Started the Spanish American War because the U.S thought that Spain had sunk the ship when actually there was probably just an engine failure. -
Hayes Open Door notes
The U.S wanted to acess China but didn't want any specieal advantages. -
Debate over the Philipines
Some wanted to annex the Philipines while others believed it was immoral to annex the Philipines and that they should be able to govern themselves. -
Gold standard act of 1900
The U.S finally decided they would be backed by the gold standard and not the silver standard. -
His Assassination
An anarchist who lost his job during the panic of 1893 assassinated McKingley. -
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Theodore Rosevelt (Republican)
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United Mine Workers Strike
Roosevelt not only asked the Corporation their side of the story of the strike but also asked the workers side of the story and made negotiations. -
National Reclamation or Newlands Act
Provided federal funds for the construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals in the West. -
Elkins Act
Amended the interstate commerce act and allowed heavy fines to be placed on railroads -
The "Square Deal"
For his first term he was only concerned with reelection so he swayed his party and progressives as well. -
Hepburn Act
Tried to give the government the ability to regulate but was too cautious and did not satisfy progressivists. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Attempted to stop the sale of dangerous or ineffective medicines. -
Hetch Hetchy Controversy and the SF Quake of 1906
Many naturalists were concerned about building a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley but after the 1906 quake many citizens of San Francisco advocated the construction of the dam. -
Meat Inspection Act
Helped stop diseases from spreading within meat. -
Panic of 1907
Rosevelt was blamed for the panic and he aquired the aid of J.P. Morgan, the major steel industry owner, to escape the panic. -
Payne Aldrich Tariff
Taft tried to appease the Progressivists but this tariff was largely ineffective and after creating this tariff many progressivists believed Taft was too passive. -
Pinchot-Ballinger Dispute
Pinchot accused Ballinger, with the help of Glavis, that he had turned over a public coal mine to a private owner for profit. When Taft declared the accusations to be groundless he also fired Glavis greatly angering Pinchot and others who supported Pinchot. -
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William Howard Taft (Republican)
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Mann-Elkins Act
Attempted to strengthen regulatory control of the governement over the railroads. -
Roosevelt's New Nationalism
Mainly this new nationalism involved the regulation of monopolies and corporations but alse of workers, child labor, and compensation for industrial accidents. -
Est. Federal Children's Bureau
Created a bureau to investigate the welfare of children. -
Election of 1912
La Follette the Democratic ran aginst Taft but his candidacy stumbled and so Rosovelt ran against Taft at first as a Republican candidate. When the republicans chose Taft over him he created the Progressive party and ran for president under that party. -
Wilson's New Freedom
Beleived contrary to Rosevelt, that monopolies needed to be destroyed not regulated. -
Bull Moose/Progressive Party
Created by Rosevelt after the Republicans would not renominate him for president. -
16th amendment (Graduated income tax)
Income tax creating the ability for competition among corporations. -
17th amendment
Direct election of senators. -
Est. Federal Reserve Board
Regulated the federal reserves and were appointed by the president. -
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Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
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Underwood Simmons Tariff
Lowered the basic tariff rate from 40% to 25%. -
Federal Reserve Act
Created a central banking system that could issue federal reserve notes or money. -
Est. Federal Trade Commision
Helped buissinesses determine if their buissiness would be acceptable to the government. -
Smith-Lever Act
Federal grants for agricultural extension education. -
Louis Brandeis Appointed to Supreme Court
Wilson appointed Brandeis so that he would look good to the Progressivists for the re-election because many progressivists were turning back to Rosevelts progressive party. -
Keating Owen Act
First federal law regulating child labor. -
18th amendment
Prohibition of alcholic beverages. -
19th amendment
Women gained the right to vote but not civil rights.