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Created a single northwest territory out of the lands of Ohio
Provided structure for westward expansion
Outlawed slavery in the region
Pro-slavery southerners were willing to go along with this because they hoped the new states would be populated by white settlers from the south
Economic because it involved westward expansion and the outlawing of slavery in the region which affected the economy -
Brought MO into union as slave state and Maine as free state to keep balance of power in congress. All new states admitted below southern border of MO were to be slave states, and all states above that border were to be free states
Postponed tensions at the time, because it gave some clarity on what states would be free or slave, but in the future began to increase tensions between north & south
Political issue because it involved the balance of power in congress and a compromise in the senate -
Nat Turner and a group of African Americans killed a white family, and then proceeded to kill about 60 white people on their march to Jerusalem, VA. Were then overpowered by militia. New, harsher slave codes were introduced in the aftermath of the rebellion. Placed fear in whites about future slave violence, and deepend the division between slaveholders and free-soilers
the slave uprising was a social issue, while the introduction of new slave codes following it was a political issue -
the House passed a bill that said all petitions relating to slavery were to be tabled
House of Representatives used the Gag rule to prohibit discussions and debates of the anti-slavery petitions
As the anti-slavery movement grew in the north, tensions increased in congress, which eventually lead to the House having to rescind the Gag rule in 1844
Postponed the issue, because it banned discussions of anti-slavery
Political issue -
Rebellion of Slaves being illegally shipped to Cuba on Spanish ship "La Amistad"
The court ruled that the slaves had been illegally transported and rebelled in self-defense, therefore making them free
Increased tensions, brought slavery to the forefront of American politics
Political issue because it involved an important court decision -
US renounced claim to Texas in 1819. 1824 Mexico passed a colonization law
thousands of Americans settled in the region as friction w/Mexican government arose by mid 1830s
Texas appealed to US for statehood many times, however concerns about conflict w/Mexico, fears of acquiring a large slave territory, increased votes for south in Congress & electoral college prevented its success
political issue because of concerns about the south having more votes in congress by adding a new slave state -
1846-1848
Started with dispute over border of mexico and America
White Americans began settling in Mexican provinces of California and New Mexico
Opposition to the war grew among the Whigs, who were concerned it was draining the nation's resources, Polk had deliberately brought the nation into the conflict, and believed the war to be a moral crime
With the new territories acquired came more issues over the expansion of slavery
Political issue - expansion of slavery, disagreement among parties -
Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful proposal in Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War
debated and vetoed for years as southerners claimed their right to move their property (slaves) into the newly acquired territory
Political issue because it involved a dispute over a proposal in Congress -
News of traces of gold attracted hundreds of thousands of Americans, Europeans, Chinese & more known as 49ers to CA
Created labor shortage in CA
Swelled urban and agricultural populations; conflicts over gold and racial/ethnic tensions in the territory put increased pressure on the federal gov. to resolve status of slavery in CA and all territories. Began talks of secession
Political/Economic issue - involved disagreement over slave/free states in congress & involved massive expansion to CA -
Part of compromise of 1850 slaves required to return to their owner even if in a free state.
Declared federal government responsible for finding returning trying escaped slaves.
Increased tensions between north and south because they disagreed. North didn’t try to find the escaped slaves and return them due to their beliefs and the south began to hunt the slaves themselves. Riots held against returning of slaves
Political issue because it involved disagreement over a law between the two sides -
Tensions were rising about new territories acquire in Mexican War
admitted California as a free state, Utah/New Mexico to decide whether to be a slave or free state
Permitted slavery in DC but outlawed the slave trade
Included the fugitive slave act of 1850
Postponed tensions for a short time but ultimatley failed as it was unable to please both anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups
Political issue - decision over what states would be admitted as slave/free in a compromise proposed by the senate -
Anti-slavery novel written by Hariet Beecher Stowe
Greatly influenced northern abolitionism
Written in protest of fugitive slave act of 1850
Large numbers of people read the book
Southerners attempted to ban the book calling it a “pack of lies”
and argued the portrayal of slavery in the book was misleading
Hugely increased tensions between northern abolitionists and pro slavery southerners
Social issue - an issue that arose from a book that sparked debate among people -
Repealed the MO compromise Created 2 new territories Allowed for popular sovereignty
Free and slave state people went to Kansas to try and either legalize or prohibit slavery
Through MO comp, Kansas would prohibit slavery. Southerners wanted to use K-N act as opportunity to make a slave state
ignited many uprisings over the next 5 years
political issue - led to fall of whig party, uprising of republican party. dispute over slave/free states caused by bill passed by congress -
group of envoys sent a document recommending seizing Cuba by force, which was leaked to the public. Document included the rationale for US to purchase Cuba and implied war on Spain if they refused
antislavery northerners were enraged believing it to be an attempt to add another slave state to the Union
southerners continued to oppose all efforts to acquire new territory that didn't support the slave system
Political issue: involved the annexation of Cuba and adding of a slave state -
Dred Scott (a slave) believed his time living in a free state granted him the right to be free. attempted to buy freedom from his master's widow
supreme court ruled against Scott, saying it was unconstitutional to take away someone's property and national citizenship it needed to sue in a federal court.
Political issue: court ruling caused abolitionists in the north to be outraged. Feared slavery would be legalized throughout U.S. -
John Brown lead a group of people into Harpers Ferry to start a slave rebellion in the South
About 30 people killed
Been referred to as the dress rehearsal for the Civil War and caused tensions to rise significantly between North/South
Social/political issue: disputes came from southerner citizens thinking northerners sympathized with Brown, and southern democrats saying the Republicans were involved with the raid -
Would reinstate the Missouri Compromise, extending the line west
Guaranteed existence of slavery in south
Included a clause that no changes could be made to these by future amendments
Last ditch effort to to keep south in union by satisfying southern demands
Backfired as neither side liked the proposal
Political issue - The proposal caused disagreement among political parties and south/north. SC seceded a few days after the proposal
