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500 BCE
The Boii enter the Vltava basin area
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100 BCE
A Germanic tribe, the Marcomanni, enters Bohemia, driving out the Boii
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500
Slavic tribes enter the Bohemian lands.
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800
Slavic settlement established on Hradcany Hill.
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862
Missionaries Cyril & Methodius enter the Czech lands to translate the bible into Slavonic.
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870
Prague Castle’s first stone buildings are constructed.
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Period: 870 to 1198
Duchy of Bohemia
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Period: 870 to 888
Borivoj I
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880
Duke Borivoj of the Premyslids makes Hradcany his seat. Borivoj and his wife Ludmila are baptised
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Period: 894 to 915
Spytihněv I
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Period: 915 to 921
Vratislaus I
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921
Borivoj’s grandson Wenceslas crowned duke of Bohemia.
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Period: 921 to 935
Wenceslaus I
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926
Original church of St. Vitus constructed at Prague Castle.
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935
Wenceslas assassinated by Boleslav I.
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Period: 935 to 972
Boleslaus I the Cruel
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950
Bohemia incorporated into Holy Roman Empire.
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970
Prague awarded a bishopric. Vysehrad established on the right bank of the Vltava river.
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Period: 972 to 999
Boleslaus I the Cruel
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Period: 999 to 1002
Boleslaus III the Redhead
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Period: 1003 to 1004
Boleslaus IV the Brave
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Period: 1004 to 1012
Jaromír
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Period: 1012 to 1033
Oldřich
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Period: 1033 to 1034
aromír
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Period: 1034 to 1055
Bretislaus I
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Period: 1055 to 1061
Spytihněv II
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Period: 1061 to 1092
Vratislaus II
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Period: 1085 to
Kingdom of Bohemia
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Period: 1085 to 1092
Vratislaus II
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Period: 1092 to 1092
Conrad I
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Period: 1092 to 1100
Bretislaus II
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1096
Pauper crusaders invade Prague and raze the original Jewish quarter.
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Period: 1101 to 1107
Bořivoj II
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Period: 1107 to 1109
Svatopluk
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Period: 1109 to 1117
Vladislaus I
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Period: 1117 to 1120
Bořivoj II
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Period: 1120 to 1125
Vladislaus I
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Period: 1125 to 1140
Soběslav I
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Period: 1140 to 1172
Vladislaus II
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1142
New Jewish quarter established between the Old Town and the river.
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Period: 1158 to 1172
Vladislaus II
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1172
Judith Bridge across the Vltava completed.
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Period: 1172 to 1173
Frederick I
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Period: 1173 to 1178
Soběslav II
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Period: 1179 to 1189
Frederick
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Period: 1189 to 1191
Conrad II Otto
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Period: 1191 to 1192
Wenceslaus II
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Period: 1192 to 1193
Ottokar I
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Period: 1193 to 1197
Henry I Bretislaus
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Period: 1197 to 1197
Vladislaus III Henry
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Period: 1197 to 1198
Ottokar I
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Period: 1198 to 1230
Ottokar I
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1212
Holy Roman Emperor issues Golden Bull of Sicily, making Bohemia a kingdom.
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1230
King Wenceslas I grants Prague’s Old Town official status.
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Period: 1230 to 1253
Wenceslaus I
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1234
Agnes of Prague founds hospital and a cloister in the Old Town
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1235
Old Town enclosed by defensive walls and moat.
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1253
Otakar II crowned King of Bohemia
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Period: 1253 to 1278
Ottokar II
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1257
Otakar II formally establishes Mala Strana, invites German craftsmen and merchants to live there.
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1262
Otakar II issues Statuta Judaeorum, granting the Jewish community self-administration.
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1270
Old-New Synagogue built in Jewish quarter.
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1278
Otakar II killed at the Battle of Marchfel. Prague occupied by Otto V of Brandenburg.
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Period: 1278 to 1305
Wenceslaus II
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Period: 1305 to 1306
Wenceslaus III
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1306
Wenceslas III, the last Premyslid king, is assassinated.
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Period: 1306 to 1306
Henry the Carinthian
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Period: 1306 to 1307
Rudolph I
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Period: 1307 to 1310
Henry the Carinthian
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1310
Bohemian estates elect John of Luxembourg as king.
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Period: 1310 to 1346
John the Blind (Jan Lucemburský)
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1316
Charles IV born in Prague
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1338
Foundation of the Old Town Hall.
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1342
Judith Bridge destroyed by flooding.
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1344
Construction of St. Vitus Cathedral begins.
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1346
King John the Blind killed at the Battle of Crecy.
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Period: 1346 to 1378
Charles IV
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1347
Charles IV crowned King of Bohemia. Prague becomes capital of Holy Roman Empire.
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1348
Charles founds the New Town and establishes Prague University.
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1357
Construction of Charles Bridge begins.
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1370
Construction of Tyn Church begins on Old Town Square.
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1378
Charles IV dies and is succeeded by his son Wenceslas IV.
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Period: 1378 to 1419
Wenceslaus IV
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1380
Outbreak of Black Death in Prague.
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1389
Easter pogrom of Jewish quarter
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1391
Bethlehem Chapel founded in Old Town.
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1393
Murder of Jan Nepomuk.
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1402
Charles Bridge completed. Jan Hus appointed preacher at Bethlehem Chapel.
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1410
Astronomical Clock installed in City Hall.
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1415
Execution of Jan Hus at Constance.
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1419
First defenestration of Prague.
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Period: 1419 to 1437
Sigismund
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1420
Hussite Wars begin. Jan Zizka triumphs at battle of Vitkov Hill.
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1424
Death of Jan Zizka.
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1436
Compactata between Church and Bohemian Utraquists brings Hussite wars to an end.
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1437
Emperor Sigismund, the last Luxembourg King of Bohemia, dies.
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Period: 1437 to 1439
Albert (Albrecht Habsburský)
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Period: 1440 to 1453
Interregnum
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Period: 1453 to 1457
Ladislaus the Posthumous (Ladislav Pohrobek)
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1458
George of Podebrady crowned King of Bohemia.
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Period: 1458 to 1471
George of Podebrady (Jiří z Poděbrad)
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Period: 1469 to 1490
Matthias I (Matyáš I. Korvín)
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Period: 1471 to 1516
Vladislaus II the Jagiellonian (Vladislav II. Jagellonský)
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1493
Vladislav Hall constructed at Prague Castle.
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Period: 1516 to 1526
Louis the Jagiellonian (Ludvík Jagellonský)
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1526
Bohemian estates elect Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand as king.
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Period: 1526 to 1564
Ferdinand I
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1530
Pinkas Synagogue constructed in Jewish quarter.
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1560
Queen Anne’s Summer Palace opens.
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Period: 1564 to 1576
Maximilian I
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1573
Rabbi Loew moves to Prague.
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1576
Rudolf II elected as Holy Roman Emperor.
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Period: 1576 to
Rudolph II
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Rudolf II relocates from Vienna to Prague Castle.
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John Dee and Edward Kelley come to Prague.
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Jewish Town Hall constructed.
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Tycho Brahe appointed imperial mathematician by Rudolf. Brahe invites Johannes Kepler to assist him.
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Brahe and Kepler begin work on the star chart, The Rudolfine Tables. Brahe dies of uremia.
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Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova on planetary motion. Rudolf II signs Letter of Majesty, guaranteeing religious toleration.
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Passauer army invades and plunders Prague.
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Period: to
Matthias II
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Death of Rudolf II. Emperor Matthias moves imperial court back to Vienna.
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Second Defenestration of Prague. Thirty Years’ War commences.
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Winter King and Queen crowned at St Vitus Cathedral.
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Period: to
Frederick I (Fridrich I.)
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Period: to
Ferdinand II
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Defeat of the Czech nobles’ uprising at White Mountain.
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Frederick and Elizabeth flee from Prague.
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Twenty-seven Czech Protestant leaders executed in Old Town Square.
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Wallenstein Palace constructed in Mala Strana.
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Prague occupied by Protestant Saxon army.
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The Peace of Prague brings civil war within the Holy Roman Empire to a close.
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Period: to
Ferdinand III
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Period: to
Ferdinand IV
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Hradcany and Mala Strana occupied and looted by Swedish armies.
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Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years’ War. Prague’s population has shrunk to 20,000.
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Marian column erected in the Old Town Square.
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Period: to
Leopold I
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Czernin Palace constructed.
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Period: to
Joseph I
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Period: to
Charles II
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Giorgio Diodato establishes Prague’s first coffeehouse.
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Maria Theresa accedes to Austrian throne, sparking the War of Austrian Succession.
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Period: to
Maria Theresa
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Occupation of Prague by French and Bavarian armies.
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Period: to
Charles Albert
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Austrians retake Prague. Maria Theresa crowned queen of Bohemia in St Vitus Cathedral.
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Prussian army invades Prague, but is expelled one month later.
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St Nicholas Church built in Mala Strana.
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Prague’s population grows to 80,000.
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Maria Theresa introduces education reforms.
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Period: to
Joseph II
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Hradcany, Mala Strana, Old Town and New Town merge into a single civic entity.
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Mozart’s Don Giovanni premieres at Estates Theatre.
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Period: to
Leopold II
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Period: to
Francis I
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Holy Roman Empire dissolved during Napoleonic wars. Bohemia incorporated into the Habsburg Austrian Empire.
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National Museum of Prague founded at top of Wenceslas Square.
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Period: to
Ferdinand V
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Population of Prague exceeds 100,000.
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Rail line established between Prague and Vienna.
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Slavic Congress convened in Prague.
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Prague student uprising quelled by Austrian troops.
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Period: to
Francis Joseph I
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Jewish quarter renamed Josefov.
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Bozena Nemcova publishes The Grandmother.
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Sokol athletic club founded.
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Bedrich Smetana begins composing Ma Vlast.
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Grand opening of National Theatre of Prague.
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Café Slavia opens.
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Ernst Mach photographs shockwaves at Charles University.
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Josefov’s slums demolished and replaced by Parisian apartments.
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Hilsner trial.
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Prague’s population exceeds 200,000.
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First World War breaks out. Bohemian troops conscripted to fight for Austria-Hungary.
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Period: to
Charles III
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Republic of Czechoslovakia founded by Tomas Masaryk. Marian Column torn down in Old Town Square.
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Foundation of Czechoslovak Communist Party.First performance of Capek’s RUR in Prague. First edition of Hasek’s The Good Soldier Sveyk published.
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Greater Prague created by uniting historic centre with the suburbs.
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Franz Kafka’s The Trial is published posthumously.
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Konrad Henlein forms Sudetendeutsche movement.
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Benes succeeds Masaryk as president.
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André Breton and Paul Eluard visit Prague.
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Death of Tomas Masaryk.
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Munich Agreement forces Czechoslovakia to cede its Sudeten territories to Nazi Germany.
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Nicholas Winton sets up Czech Kindertransport to rescue Jewish children.Nazi Germany invades remnant of Bohemia and Moravia.
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Jewish transports from Prague begin. Terezin refitted as a concentration camp
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Reinhard Heydrich assassinated in Prague.
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Prague Uprising. The Red Army liberates the city from Nazi control. Benes returns as president of the third republic.
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Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia begins.
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Communist coup initiates four decades of one-party rule. Death of Jan Masaryk. Benes resigns as president, succeeded by Klement Gottwald.
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Milada Horakova show trial and execution.
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Stalinist terror reaches peak with Slansky show trial and executions.
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Death of President Klement Gottwald. Antonin Novotny becomes party leader.
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World’s largest Stalin statue unveiled at Letna Park.
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President Novotny introduces new constitution, declares socialism to be fully achieved.
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Stalin statue demolished.
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Prague students invite Allen Ginsberg to Prague. Vaclav Havel writes The Memorandum.
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Vera Chytilova’s Daisies released.
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Speakers at Fourth Czechoslovak Writers’ Congress criticise communist regime.
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Alexander Dubcek becomes party leader. Dubcek launches reform program and permits freedom of speech. Prague Spring crushed by Soviet invasion. Dubcek capitulates in Moscow, calls for ‘normalisation’.
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Jan Palach self-immolates in Wenceslas Square. Purge of party membership. Dubcek replaced as party leader by Gustav Husak.
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Vaclav Havel writes open letter to ‘Dr Husak’. Plastic People of the Universe concert-goers attacked by police.
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Czechoslovakia signs Helsinki human rights accords.
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Trial of the Plastic People and other musicians.
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Vaclav Havel and others form Charter 77.
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Havel sentenced to four years in prison.
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Prague’s population exceeds 1,000,000.
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Mikhail Gorbachev visits Prague. Husak replaced as party leader by Milos Jakes.
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Czechoslovakia 88 Symposium in Prague.
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Police attack student march in Narodni Street Protests force party leadership to resign. Vaclav Havel elected first president of post-communist Czechoslovakia.
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StB officially dissolved.
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Lustration laws introduced.
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Czechs and Slovaks split into separate nations. Havel becomes first president of Czech Republic.
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Havel leaves office.
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Death of Vaclav Havel.