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French artist who used primitivism.
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Bandmaster known for his marches, failed at making operas. Conducted the "president's own" marine band.
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Composer who used Undisguised avant-garde.
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Ives father shaped the way he heard things. They would harmonize in the wrong key, etc. Was a composer for the Aleatoric genre. Wrote "The Question." Very misunderstood.
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Harpsichordist, Polish born.
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Russian Composer who write Rite of Spring in 1913. He used primitivism. Was obsessed with the number 13.
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Canadian-American Black Composer. Specialized in piano.
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Had visions for a new musical timbre and modern orchestration techniques. Minimized the use of strings (see non-tonal genre)
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Born in Little Rock , Died in Chicago. First female black composer, piano prodigy, first composition at 11 years old. She presented herself as Mexican to avoid discrimination, attended New England Conservatory. Career flourished in Chicago, began composing in 1910.
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American Composer
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John Cage's teacher. Invented Chance Music and coined the term tone cluster.
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American Composer, classical fused with jazz and popular music. Wrote Rhapsody in Blue.
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American Jazz Composer, piano player
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During this time period bold expressions against Romanticism were going on by artists like Dali and Duchamp. Satie and Faure were publicly spoofing the Wagnerian style in the attempt of stepping out of the romantic aesthetic. There as delight in Emotional Opulence.
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American Composer
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American Modernist Composer. Used polyrhythm, metric modulation etc.
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This genre was a bit of a return to styles from the 18th century, with some modern techniques implemented.Began with the revival of Bach.
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Western visual art movement, folklike. See Rite of Spring
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French Composer. He first developed the Musique Concrete technique using a tape recorder (see Musique Concrete)
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American Composer that wrote 4:33. Wrote chance music, Henry Cowell's student.
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Anti-art thinking. Genre against war. People from all arts came together for this time.
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American Singer
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American Jazz Composer. Composed A train "collaborated" with Ellington.
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American Composer, composed West Side Story Music.
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Scat Singing is improvised Jazz in which the voce imitates an instrument. Was popular around this time. Louis Armstrong was a great early jazz performer.
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Style of music that focuses on elements other than pitch. Percussion ensembles benefited from this. Edgard Varese is to thank for his vision in modern techniques ( where strings were minimal.)
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Jazz lead style began in New Orleans
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Gershwin wrote this to be an American Fold Opera. First opera with all black cast.
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This genre had deep effects on modern music. Pierre Schaeffer developed this technique by using a tape recorder. The things recorded were sounds of nature which were then manipulated by tape slicing in order to overlap these sounds.
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New Cool Jazz Form
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Also known as Chance Music, a concept where the composer left musical elements in a performance up to chance and were never the same. Charles Ives and Henry Cowell laid foundations for this.
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Also based off of elements of chance. First type of this genre came from aleatoric music. John Cage lectured on this topic in 1958 and 1961. Another type of this genre was composed by Iannis Xcnakis and Karlheinz Stockhausen. They focused on an indeterminate process of composition.
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Also known as electronic music. This genre was developed in Germany in the 1950s after Stockhausen worked with Schaeffer in their studio in 1952. Cologne was the leading city for this genre with its radio studio NWDR.
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This genre functioned alongside non-tonal music with its broad sonic chunks called sound masses. Textural music uses sound blocks which were manipulated through musical means. Ligeti and Penderecki exploited Ttextural music with ther works Atmospheres and Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima.
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Including integral serialism
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Style of repetitive music. Based on the notion that small units of musical material, could only be repeated with slight variation over time. Opposite to the maximalist extreme.
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Label given to a sort of music that appeals to people who are hoping to understand and embrace the music.
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New mother tongue of late 20th and early 21st century. In Wagner's music. Tristan Chord is an example. Use of chromaticism. Consonance and dissonance are becoming less distinct. Mostly the 7ths of these 2 and 2nds are now part of new colorful tonal system.
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Aesthetic attitude that focused on uniting past elements of music into a new style. This style has crossed into popular music of our day.
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Term used recently to describe music that developed among composers working in NYC as a response to minimalism. Totalist music pursues the still unbroken paths of maximalism. The genre features complexity as its primary aim, which is a trait placed above other aesthetic goals.
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Ties closely with concepts central to totalism. This genre is usually abstract, dissonant, microtonal, and relies on extreme contrast as a desirable aesthetic trait.
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Has been a direct result of tech which allowed immediate exchange of ideas.
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Our current American society values the extreme.