-
Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management Photo LinkDeveloped in 1911 by Frederick Taylor Functions as a way to optimize the way tasks are performed and also simplifies the jobs enough so that the workers perform their tasks in "the best" way. Managment is a science that is accomplished by a well-defined chain of command with a very specific division of labor. Management is responsibe for developing a chain of command and organizing divisions of labor is based on work standards. Efficiency is increased and communication is facilitated. -
Principles of Management
Photo Link
General Principles of Management
Developed in 1916 by Henri Fayol Functional way for workers to follow a specific chain of command. Specifically this chain is known as the scalar chain. Ths chain holds one person responsible and "in charge." This is a form of operational management. -
Principles of Coordination
Photo LinkPrinciples of CoordinationDeveloped in 1924 by Mary Follett A funcitonal process that states productive organizations must be concerned with the desires and motivations within the organization. Focuses on the psychological and motivational processes of workers. -
Principles of Bureaucracy
Bureaucratic Form According to Max WaberPhoto Link Developed by Max Weber in 1947 A functional perspective based on socialist philosophy. Provides a stucture to eliminate abuse of authority. Theory is based on authority relationships that emphasize depersonalization and tak competence. This supports a chain of command and hierarchial structure. -
Decision-Making Approach
Decision-Making ApproachPhoto LinkDeveloped in 1957 by Herbert Simon An interactive Thoery. Complex network of decisions with decision-making processes influencing behavior of the entire organization. Used the concept called bounded rationality to understand information processing. People assume to be rational but is affected by selective perception. -
Contingency Theory
Photo LinkPerformance Management Developed in 1965 by Joan Woodward and later updated by Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch This theory rejects Scientific Management Thoery. This interactive theory states that internal operations are contingent on exernal needs based on the organizations environment. These needs are known as interfaces. Organizations must adapt to changing circumstances. -
Organizational Culture Formation
Photo LinkOrganizational Culture and LeadershipDeveloped in 1985 by Edgar Schein A theory of interoretative theory. A pattern of basic assumptions. Organizations are invented, discovered and/or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration. Schein created a model of organizational cultures and a model for how cultures begin. Organizations differ by growth. -
Feminist Perspectives
Reworking GenderPhoto LinkDeveloped by Karen Ashcraft in 2006 integrating the lifeworlds that are public and private that were previously separated by traditional bureaucracy. Femnist organizations is an end in itself while in contrast, the primary goal of bureaucracy is a means to an end. This is an egalitarian theory and authority is decentralize and grounded in consensual decision making. Informal labor is key.
