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Ruled that African Americans were not permitted to be United States citizens; therefore African Americans had no standing to sue in federal courts.
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President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring "that all persons held as slaves" within the Confederate states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
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these laws intended to restrict the autonomy of African Americans in order to force them to work in a labor economy.
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The original Ku Klux Klan was first established in Pulaski, Tennessee after the end of the American Civil War by General Nathan Bedford Forrest and other Confederate veterans. The new group sought to oppose the extension of voting rights to Blacks, and other measures to end segregation.
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Abolition of slavery
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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed Blacks basic economic rights to contract, sue, and own property.
The intention of this law was to protect all persons in the United States, including Blacks, in their civil rights. -
Overruled Dred Scott v. Sanford. It guaranteed that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the state in which they reside
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Suffrage (Voting Rights) for African-American men.
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Booker T. Washington, a slave from Virginia, graduated with honors from the Hampton Institute, a black vocational school. He went on to make a difference in the lives of many black people.
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The conservative white Democrats legislated Jim Crow Laws, separate the white and black races.
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A mass migration of thousands of African Americans to Kansas was organized by Benjamin "Pap" Singleton.
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The Supreme Court overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875, and declared that the Fourteenth Amendment does not prohibit discrimination by private individuals or businesses.
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at least 1,132 blacks were burned alive or lynched in the United States for violating Jim Crow Laws and for being black
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separate car act required railroads to separate the white and black races as they traveled on railway cars
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strengthened the ability of southern states to pass JIM CROW LAWS discriminating against African Americans and other minorities.
supreme court case upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions. -
founded in Boston in 1900 by Booker T. Washington to promote the interests of African-American businesses. The main goal of the National Negro Business League was "to promote the commercial and financial development of the Negro."
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founded by Theodore Roosevelt launch to challenge the 1896 plessy vs Ferguson case FORE RUNNER OF THE NAACP
he purpose and main goal of the Niagara Movement was to fight for black civil rights -
elimination of racial discrimination, fair housing and employment through political lobbying,social change legal action and education to improve the quality of life for African Americans
founded in response of discrimination -
The Crisis, the official monthly news publication of the organization, is established. This monthly news magazine would feature events and issues impacting African-Americans throughout the United States. Many writers published short stories, novel excerpts and poems in its pages.
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Wilson administration begins government-wide segregation of work places, rest-rooms and lunch rooms.
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The Supreme Court held that a Mississippi school district may require a Chinese-American girl to attend a segregated Black school rather than a White school. The Court applied the "separate but equal" formulation of Plessy v. Ferguson to the public schools.
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NAACP-supported “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” economic boycott movement began with the goal of securing better jobs for African Americans
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the organization began providing economic and legal support for African-Americans going through criminal injustice. In 1931, the NAACP offered legal representation to the Scottsboro Boys, nine young adults who were falsely accused of raping two white women. The NAACP Legal Defense Fund provided defense of the Scottsboro Boys and brought national attention to the case
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Although African Americans had participated in every major U.S. war, it was not until after World War II that President Harry S. Truman issues an executive order integrating the U.S. armed forces
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Supreme Court bans school segregation. First "White Citizens" council forms in Mississippi in response to Supreme Court's Brown decision.
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refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.
This act was considered civilly disobedient and led to a series of legislative decisions contributing to the growth of the Civil rights movement. -
The main goal of the march was to advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans. At the march, Martin Luther King Jr., delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech in which he called for an end to racism.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in a number of settings: voting, public accommodations, public facilities, public education, federally-assisted programs, and employment and establishes the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
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king was fatally shot by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis Tennessee
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becomes the first African American to win the U.S. presidential
race.
