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Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas visits Panama
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Panama becomes independent of Spain, but joins the confederacy of Gran Colombia, which also comprises Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
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Panama signs treaty with US allowing it to build a railway across the isthmus.
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Panama splits from Colombia and becomes fully independent. US buys rights to build Panama Canal.
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Panama takes full control of the Panama Canal.
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Panama Canal earns record revenues of $1 billion for the financial year.
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Voters in a referendum back a $5.2bn plan to upgrade the Panama Canal.
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Chinese freighter becomes the millionth vessel to cross the Panama Canal.
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Mining code reforms reversed following protests from indigenous groups and environmentalists.
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US Congress approves long-stalled free trade agreement with Panama.