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Thomas Jefferson signed the act which formed the United States Coast Survey in 1807. This was beneficial in scientific research and military.
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Agassiz surveyed the United states coast from the east to west, collecting more than 30,000 species on his trip. This was for scientific research.
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In 1882, the first vessel created for oceanic research, the Albatross, was put into use. This helped scientific research.
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Reginald Fessenden became the first person to acoustically explore the ocean using an oscillator in 1914. This benefited navigation and scientific research.
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Using echo sounders, the mid-atlantic ridge was explored by the Germans. This was a step forward in navigation.
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Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented the aqua-lung, allowing people to explore under water for long periods of time. This improved scientific research and recreation, as well as navigation.
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the Trieste becomes the first research vessel to explore the marina trench at a depth of 35,800 feet. This was for research, but also navigation.
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SeaLabs i, ii and iii were underwater habitats invented by the US Navy. This helped the military and research as well.
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Using data from a Navy Earth Satellite, a map of the sea floor is created.
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James Cameron performs the first solo dive to the challenger deep in the Marina Trench. This benefited research and navigation.