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Tariff of 1828 aka the Tariff of Abominations
This tariff was created to protect northern industries along with western products from foreign competition by placing taxes on foreign products. This made living in the south very expensive, so southern democrats became angry. John C. Calhoun decided to write the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, asking for the tax to be nullified. -
South Carolina Exposition and Protest aka Calhoun's Exposition
This was a direct response to the Tariff of Abominations. This reinforced the idea that states can nullify things (specifically taxes) and claimed that the taxes were unconstitutional. -
Ordinance of Nullification
S.C. was upset by the tariffs of 28 and 32, so they wrote about how they weren't going to follow them. They deemed them unconstitutional. They also had a bad economy already, so this would just make them worse off. Although the second tariff was meant to be better than the first, S.C. didn't like that one either. They threatened to secede from the Union if the taxes weren't removed. -
Tariff of 1832
This was a tariff that was meant to lesson the effects of the tariff of 28, but it was still deemed as bad by the south, and especially S.C. -
Nullification Proclamation
This was Jackson's response to S.C. Jackson was prepared to send troops to S.C. to collect the taxes if need be, but they never went. Instead, he urged Congress to pass the Force Bill to allow him to use military power to make them pay taxes. This was also a direct response to the Ordinance of Nullification that was passed by the South Carolina. -
Hayne's Counter Proclamation
In response to Jackson's response to S.C. nullifying the tariffs, Hayne claimed that S.C. was being oppressed by laws, and that states can deem laws unconstitutional and void. -
Force Bill
In response to S.C. claim for nullification, President Jackson sent federal troops to forcefully enforce tariffs onto S.C. The bill itself stated that Jackson had the power to enforce laws onto any state forcefully if they claimed they'd nullify said law. -
Tariff of 1833
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun proposed this idea as a resolution. It was made to gradually reduce the taxes placed on imports over time. By 1842, it would match the levels of the tariff of 1816, which was an average of 20%. -
South Carolina Repeal of Nullification
Angry about the tariffs, the S.C. convention convened as a response to their nullification ordinance being dismissed. They repealed their nullification of the tariffs. -
Clay's Compromise
This compromise consisted of making a new tariff that slowly reduced the tariff of 32. States that wanted nullification backed down and the U.S. avoided S.C. seceding, along with other conflicts.