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Period: to
Pre-Proprietary
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John White lost his colony
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Jamestown Settled
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1642-1651 English Civil War
Parliament, under sway of Calvinist Protestants, overthrow the Stuart Dynasty and institute the Commonwealth/Interregenum period. -
Nathaniel Batts first settler in the Albemarle
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Charles II returns to the English throne
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Charles II grants "Carolina" to the Lords Proprietors
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Period: to
Proprietary Colony
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Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
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Plantation Duty Act
The foundation of English mercantilist policy, the Act required that colonial entities trade only with England, and that royal tax collectors be placed in all colonies to collect duties (taxes) on trade goods. North Carolinians in the Albemarle largely ignored this Act and continued to trade directly with New England merchants. -
Culpeper's Rebellion
Culpeper's Rebellion
Culpeper’s Rebellion. North Carolinians, because of its shallow ports and second-rate products (corn, lumber, cattle) found their best prospects for trade to be with shallow-draft New England vessels. Trade with New England, however, was not allowed under the Navigation Acts. When Proprietary governor Thomas Miller attempted to enforce the Navigation Acts by suppression of smuggling, prominent Albemarle p -
Glorious Revolution
In England, Parliament once again overthrew the Stuart king (James II), but this time, replaced him with the solidly Protestant William and Mary. -
Appointment of Deputy Governor for Albemarle region of Carolina
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Gibbs' Rebellion
During the uncertainty of the Glorious Revolution, a local ship captain named John Gibbs, temporarily overthrew the Proprietary governor. Gibbs’ rebellion only lasted a few days, but indicated the chronic problem of indifferent Proprietary government. -
1680s Quakers dominate North Carolina
The lack of effective authority by both the crown and the Anglican church proved an attraction to thousands of Quakers who did not wish to take loyalty oaths to the Church of England. They found a refuge in North Carolina. Quakers served on the colonial council and in the Assembly, dominated trade, and John Archdale became a Proprietor and governor. -
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Naval Stores Act of 1705
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Cary's Rebellion, 1708-1711
The dominance of religious dissenters in the Albemarle region irked some Anglicans, who attempted to bring the Church of England establishment firmly into North Carolina. The efforts to establish the CoE lead directly to efforts to control the government of North Carolina as Charles Town merchant Thomas Cary deposed the sitting governor. While the General Assembly endorsed Cary’s move, the Lords Proprietors did not. Cary sat in the governor’s office for three years, considered by North Carolina -
Tuscarora War
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Separation of North Carolina from South Carolina
Oh happy day. -
First Black Codes
North Carolina’s first slave code enacted, which prohibited blacks or those of mixed race from voting and distinguished the status of slaves and free people, including the ability to travel and congregate. -
Pirates move into No. Carolina
Britain begins to suppress pirate activity in the Caribbean, forcing many pirates to relocate to the American coast. These former privateers fit well into the economies of weak Proprietary colonial economies because of the pirates’—and the colonial officials’—willingness to subvert the mercantile laws of Britain. Charles Eden, governor of North Carolina, proved enthusiastic in his reception of Stede Bonnet and Edward Teach. -
End of piracy in No. Carolina
Stede Bonnet hanged by South Carolina and Edward Teach killed in battle by Virginia authorities. -
Period: to
Royal Colony
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No. Carolina becomes a royal colony
Proprieters sell their shares in Carolina to the Crown (with the exception of Lord Granville) and North Carolina becomes a royal colony. This is on the verge of tremendous growth in both free and slave population, commercial enterprise, and establishment of towns in the backcountry. -
Granville District created
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Separate Baptists arrive
Shubal Stearns and Daniel Marshall and a congregation of Separate Baptists settle in Alamance County. -
Hermon Husband complains of land fraud in the Granville District
Quaker Hermon Husband writes a letter to Earl Granville, the last remaining Proprietor, complaining that Granville's appointees were engaged in fraudulent land deals. -
General Assembly
The NC General Assembly, prompted by the complaints of Husband and others, investigates and confirms instances of fraud in land distribution by Granville's agents. -
Enfield Riot
Settlers in the Granville District abdjuct Francis Corbin, Granville's land agent, and carry him to Enfield to extract confessions of guilt and remuneration. -
Granville District closes
Earl Granville dies, and during the execution of his will, his land offices in North Carolina close, making land purchases a tenuous proposition in a great portion of the NC backcountry. -
Currency Act of 1764
The act forbade the useof paper money to pay off debts to British subjects, required all outstanding bills to be redeemed according to strict schedules, and made illegal any further issue of paper as legal tender. -
William Tryon appointed governor
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Sugar Creek, Mecklenburg County
Settlers in Mecklenburg revolt against the payment of rents to land speculator Hugh McCulloh. -
Stamp Act
Parliament passes the first direct tax on Americans. -
Stamp Act protests begin
Lead by wealthy planters in the Cape Fear region. Newly appointed Governor William Tryon suspends the General Assembly. -
Stamp Act riot in Wilmington
Continued through November, these riots destroyed crown property and prevented customs collectors from assessing and collecting taxes. -
Sons of Liberty activity in Wilmington
Sons of Liberty arrest the Governor and seize British customs ships. -
Sandy Creek Association formed
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Sandy Creek Association raises grievences
Members of the Sandy Creek Association appear at Hillsboro Court to read a list of their grievences about the nature of local government and denounce corruption. -
A House for the Governor
Announcement of poll taxes to pay for a house for the governor, later to be known as Tryon Palace. -
Regulator petitions and pamphlets
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First violence
Violence flares when Sheriff Tyree Harris attempts to confiscate the horse and saddle of an Orange County farmer. -
Arrest of Husband and Butler
Edmund Fanning arrests Herman Husband and William Butler, but is forced to release them when a group of about 700 armed Regulators approach Hillsboro. -
Agreement
Local officials, intimidated by the force of Regulators, agree to hear their demands. Governor Tryon subsequently repudiates any efforts to please the rebels. -
Tryon at Hillsboro
Governor Tryon travels to Hillsboro and raises a force of militia to protect the September. 3,700 Regulators surround Hillsboro and Husband is acquitted. Fanning convicted, but receives a nominal fine. -
Riots
Riots in Edgecombe, Halifax, Johnston, Anson, and Rowan Counties. -
Hillsboro Riot
Regulators break up the September court, run off justices, and destroy Fanning's house. -
Johnston Riot Act
The General Assembly empowers the governor to suppress the Regulators. -
Battle of Alamance
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Regulators hanged
Six Regulators captured at the Battle of Alamance are hanged in Hillsboro, effectively ending the insurgency. -
Edenton Tea Party
