New tools in the lab

Sanger and Gilbert

Mar 9, 1977

Sanger and Gilbert found a way to sequence DNA. Given an unknown piece of DNA, they were able to rad the corect order and bases of adeninie, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

Kary Mullis

Mar 9, 1983

Kary Mullis invented polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA in the laboratory.

fluorescence sequencer

Mar 9, 1985

An automated fluorescence sequencer was invented. speeding up the labor-intense process.

Gene gun

Mar 9, 1985

Genes were moved into an organism through the use of a gene gun.

DNA microarray

Mar 9, 1997

DNA microarray technology, looking at the expression of all genes of an organsim at one time on a microscope slide or silicon chip, was developed.

Dabiri and Garner

Mar 9, 1999

Dabiri and Garner invented an automated DNA sequencer that had a capability of sequencing 76,800 base pairs per hour, 5 to 30 times faster than existing sequencers. Technology like this greatly sped up the Human Genome Project.