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Born to Hendry Mphakanyiswa who was a Thembu chief, at a time when virtually all of Africa was under European colonial rule.
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Joins African National Congress, South Africa's main campaigner for black equality.
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At a time when many African colonies have become independent and Mandela is on trial for sabotage, he declares from the dock that he is "prepared to die" for a democratic South Africa.
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Mandela and six others are sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to notorious Robben Island to serve their sentences.
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While in hospital for prostate surgery he is visited by Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee, who helps him transfer to better prison conditions on the mainland, north of Cape Town.
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At the opening of Parliament, de Klerk announces the legalization of all political organizations including the African National Congress.
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De Klerk announces Mandela will be released the next day.
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Mandela began as South Africa's first black president after ANC wins South Africa's first all-race election.
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Mandela retires after one term, rare for African presidents, but he continues to be active in causes promoting world peace, supporting children and fighting AIDS.
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Mandela dies at age 95.