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These ships were used by the Byzantine Empire from the 6-12th centuries. The ships were propelled by oars and later by sails.
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This ship was 90 feet long with narrow planks. There weren't any permanent masts.
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Greek Fire was used in war on the waters. The liquid used by the Byzantine Empire was shot out of a tube and contnued to burn while in the water.
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This ship was used in Norway. It had central reinforcing planks, probably used for a mast.
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This ship was long, light, and shallow that allowed for greater speeds. It was double ended and made from wood.
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This square-rigged ship was used by merchants. It had high sides and used sails.
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The sternposts were shaped differently for the use of rudders.
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This type of rudder was invented by Somerland. It was pintle-and-gudgon with iron hinges. It was attached to the sternpost.
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Lubeck defended against the King of Denmark using this type of cog ship. This ship was commonly used for war after this incident.
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Lighthouses became popular because ships constantly misseed their destinations in the dark. While these had been used for centuries in some way, they became very popular around this time period.
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This was a Genoan ship with three decks. It was originally used in Genoa to sail North.
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The first ship had ninteen guns. This was used for war and taking over other ships. They were Hanseatic ships to start.
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This was a ship popular in the Frissian Islands. It's planks were flush with each other and tapered to draw up ends and sides.
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This was basically an "astronomical computer." It was first invented by an Arab astronomer named al-Battani. It had an analog calculator for spherical astronomy. It determined latitude by the rocking of the ship or the wind.
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This ship was made my oak. It had one mast and a square-rigged sail. The central rudder had open hulls. The ship could be rowed and was big and inexpensive.
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This rudder was written about by al-Muqaddasi. It was stern-post mounted and had two lines attached to a crosspiece, perpendicular to the blade.