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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕙𝕚𝕤𝕥𝕠𝕣𝕪
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3500 BCE
Invention of the wheel
It dates back to 3,500 B.C. in Mesopotamia. It facilitated transportation and mobility in a global and daily way. But it also produced important developments in the field of industrialization. It is one of the fundamental inventions in the history of mankind and also fundamental for the later Industrial Revolution as it is essential for machinery. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 476
𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝔸𝕘𝕖
The Ancient Age is the historical period that witnessed the emergence and development of the first human civilizations (known as ancient civilizations), especially after the invention of writing, an event considered as the end of prehistory and the beginning of history as such. -
Period: 476 to 1492
𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕄𝕚𝕕𝕕𝕝𝕖 𝔸𝕘𝕖𝕤
The Middle Ages is the historical period from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476) to the Discovery of America (1492). This long historical period, also known as feudalism, was a social, political, and economic organization based on land and vassalage. -
750
THE GREGORIAN CHANT
Gregorian chant is a form of sacred song in Latin or Greek, employed within the Roman Catholic Church for centuries. From the start, Gregorian chant has had two key distinguishing features: it´s not accompanied by instruments and it´s monophonic.
Today, Catholic and Protestant ceremonies use Gregorian chant in the call and response liturgy of sermons.
EXAMPLE: Spiritus Domini
Here I attach a cool video about what the Gregorian Chant is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Igoh5kEqj3Y -
901
Invention of the gunpowder
It was created in the 10th century and had its first war use, which changed the way wars were fought. Later, it was applied to jobs such as mining, for which it was essential. -
992
Guido d’Arezzo (birth)
Guido d'Arezzo was a Benedictine monk who has gone down in music history as one of the most important reformers of the musical notation system. To Guido we owe the formula that allows us to memorize the precise intonation of the notes of the major hexachord, whose nomenclature (ut or do, re, mi, fa, sol, la) he extracted from the initial syllables of each hemistychium of St. John's hymn Ut queant laxis. -
1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernart de Ventadour, was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer, and poet. According to the troubadour Uc de Santo Circ, Bernart was possibly the son of a baker at the Château de Ventadour (Ventadorn) in Corrèze, in the French Limousin. -
1150
Leonin (birth)
Léonin or Magister Leoninus is, along with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, associated with the School of Notre Dame.He is credited with creating the Magnus liber organi, the great organ book, a mid-twelfth-century style of composition used at Notre Dame around 1200. It is not preserved in its original form, but several copies have survived in manuscripts found in Florence, Wolfenbüttel and Madrid. -
1155
Pérotin (birth)
Pérotin was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. He is considered the most important composer of the School of Notre Dame de Paris, where the polyphonic style began to take shape.
Pérotin was one of the first important composers of Ars Antiqua. He was one of the first to develop the technique of organum, an early form of polyphony, and created some of the most famous pieces of the time. -
Period: 1170 to 1310
Ars Antiqua
Ars antiqua is a term which refers to the music of Europe of the late Middle Ages between approximately 1170 and 1310. Usually the term is restricted to sacred music, excluding the secular song of the troubadors and trouvères; however sometimes the term is used more loosely to mean all European music of the thirteenth century and slightly before. The term ars antiqua is used in opposition to ars nova, which refers to the period of musical activity after about 1310. -
Dec 17, 1179
Hildegard von Bingen (birth)
Hildegard von Bingen was a multifaceted abbess, physicist, philosopher, naturalist, composer, poetess and linguist of the Middle Ages.He founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 and Eibingen in 1165. His output includes theological, botanical, and medicinal works, as well as letters, hymns, and antiphons for the liturgy. He wrote poems and supervised miniature illuminations in Rupertsberg's manuscript of his first work, Scivias. -
Nov 23, 1221
Alfonso X the Wise
Alfonso X, known as the Wise, was the son of the Castilian-Leonese monarch Ferdinand III and his wife the German princess Beatrix of Swabia. Alfonso X was King of Castile and León between 1252, the date of his father's death, and 1284, the year of his death.
He carried out an active economic policy, reformed the currency and the treasury, and recognized the Honorable Council of the Mesta. It stands out for the literary, scientific, historical and legal work carried out by its royal desk. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a French medieval clergyman, poet, and composer. His projection was enormous and he is historically the greatest representative of the movement known as Ars nova, being considered the most famous composer of the fourteenth century. He contributed to the development of the motet and secular song. -
Period: 1310 to 1377
Ars Nova
The words "Ars Nova" come from Latin and mean "new art". Ars Nova was a musical style that flourished mainly in France and Italy during the late Middle Ages in the 14th century (roughly 1310–1377). This type of music developed mainly in prestigious environments (universities, manorial courts, and the church...).
Ars Nova music focuses and shines on the aspect of polyphony and is influenced by the tradition of the troubadours.
We can difference two types: French Ars Nova and Italian Ars Nova. -
1325
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini or Landino was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument builder and astrologer.
He was one of the most famous and revered composers of the second half of the fourteenth century.
Most of the biographical information about his life comes from a book published in 1385 by a famous Florentine chronicler, known as Filippo Villani. -
1400
The printing press
It was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1400 and a hundred years later it was in widespread use throughout Europe. With it, culture and information became popular and reached the entire world. Gutenberg would thus become one of the most famous and influential inventors in human history. And the printing press has had an indisputable impact on the dissemination of information and, therefore, the democratization of education. -
Feb 2, 1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with movable type, around 1450. His best-known work is the 42-line Bible, which is considered the first book printed with movable type, and which was key to the propagation of Martin Luther's ideas and with it the Protestant Reformation. -
Jul 12, 1468
Juan del Encina
Juan del Encina was a composer, poet, priest, and playwrigh. He was credited as the joint-father of Spanish drama, alongside Gil Vicente. His birth name was Juan de Fermoselle. He spelled his name Enzina, but this is not a significant difference; it is two spellings of the same sound, in a time when "correct spelling" as we know it barely existed.
He,s considered one of the greatest exponents of religious and secular polyphony in Spain at the end of the 15th century. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martín Luther
Martin Luther was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.[3] He was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism.
Luther rightly opposed the religious praxis and theology of his day because they had been a deficient expression of what was Catholic; Luther's basic reforming finding is substantially Catholic. -
Period: 1492 to
𝕄𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕟 𝕒𝕘𝕖
The Modern Age was a time of gigantic changes in the political, social, economic, cultural and scientific fields, which laid the foundations of the world as we know it today. It marked a departure from the religious obscurantism that prevailed in the West during the Middle Ages. -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He is generally considered to be the most influential Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria.[
Cristóbal de Morales was born in Seville and, after an exceptional early education there, which included a rigorous training in the classics as well as musical study with some of the foremost composers, he held posts at Ávila and Plasencia. -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón was born in Madrid and was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. The works of music for keyboard, harp and vihuela by Antonio de Cabezón, published in Madrid in 1578, by his son Hernando de Cabezón. -
Feb 3, 1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe. -
1531
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. Uncle of perhaps the most famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of Composers. He had a great influence on the spread of the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany. Gabrieli was a creative and versatile composer who created a great deal of music, mostly for the immense, resonant space of St. Mark's. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso was a Flemish composer whose music stands at the apex of the Franco-Netherlandish style that dominated European music of the Renaissance.
Lasso's name appears in many spellings, often changed depending on the place in which his music was being performed or published. In addition to Orlando di Lasso, variations include Orlande de Lassus, Roland de Lassus, Orlandus Lassus, Orlande de Lattre and Roland de Lattre. -
1543
The Heliocentric Model
The theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun is called the heliocentric theory, helio meaning 'sun' and centric meaning 'in the center. ' This theory was developed in parts by different astronomers over many years, namely Aristarchus, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana was a late Renaissance Italian singer, lutenist, and composer. In the long history of western music, she is the inaugural female composer to have an entire book of her compositions printed and published.
Other than what can be deduced from the dedications and notes on her collections of madrigals, very little is known about her life. Based on her name, it is most likely that she was born in Casole d'Elsa. Her early life and training in music were acquired in Florence. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria was a spanish composer who ranks with Palestrina and Orlando di Lasso among the greatest composers of the 16th century.
In 1585 Victoria's most ambitious and masterful creation was published: the "Officium hebdomadae Santae", a collection that includes 18 Responsories, 9 Lamentations, two choruses of passions, a Miserere, Expletives, Motets, Hymns and Psalms for the celebration of the whole Holy Week. -
1555
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms.
Gabrieli was born in Venice. He was one of five children, and his father came from the region of Carnia.
Though Gabrieli composed in many of the forms current at the time, he preferred sacred vocal and instrumental music. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei birth
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) has always played a key role in any history of science, as well as many histories of philosophy. He is a central figure of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. His work in physics (or “natural philosophy”), astronomy, and the methodology of science still evoke debate after more than 400 years -
Mar 30, 1566
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa was Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza. As a composer he is known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto. -
May 15, 1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history.
Claudio Monteverdi is considered the father of modern music, the father of opera.
In his lifetime Monteverdi enjoyed considerable status among musicians and the public. -
Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi was an Italian composer and music teacher. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accurately, the Roman School of music.
He was highly influential in musical developments in northern European countries through his pupils, like Kerll in Germany and Charpentier in France, and the wide dissemination of his music.
Carissimi's exact birthdate was probably in 1604 or 1605 in Marino near Rome, Italy. Of his early life almost nothing is known. -
Barbara Strozzi
Among the most fascinating characters from the Italian Baroque is without a doubt the Venetian Barbara Strozzi.
Renowned composer who was acknowledged in her own era in a field dominated by men, music, owing to her ability to infuse her work with sensitivity and emotional expressiveness, she was able to shine through driven by her own desire.
Her work spread beyond the limits of Italy, being renowned throughout the rest of Europe and being included in the major musical anthologies of the period. -
Henry Purcel
Henry Purcell was an English composer of the Baroque period. Considered one of the greatest English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, generating his own English style of Baroque music.
The most famous of his stage works is "Dido and Aeneas" (1689), as it marks the beginnings of dramatic music. "Dido and Aeneas" is a milestone in the history of English dramatic music, it was written according to a libretto by Nathum Tate, a professor. -
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi is one of the most famous composers today. We've all heard a lot of his compositions at school. He was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music.
Vivaldi wrote more than 500 other concertos. About 350 of these are for solo instrument and strings, of which 230 are for violin, the others being for bassoon, cello, oboe, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, or mandolin. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
He was a well-known German-British Baroque composer who wrote organ concertos, operas, oratorios, anthems, and concerti grossi.
Handel's compositions include 42 operas, 25 oratorios, more than 120 cantatas, trios and duets, numerous arias, odes and serenatas, solo and trio sonatas, 18 concerti grossi, and 12 organ concertos. His most famous work, the oratorio Messiah with its "Hallelujah" chorus, is among the most popular works in choral music. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German organist and composer whose work is today considered one of the finest of Baroque music at its peak (around 1600-1750).
During his lifetime he was better known as an organist than a composer, and his rich legacy encompasses sacred and secular works, most notably cantatas, organ pieces, and concertos that influenced many later composers. Here is a good video about Bach: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arHX4XeHq10 -
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Gluck nació el 2 de julio de 1714 en Alemania y murió el 15 de noviembre de 1787 en Austria. Es considerado uno de los compositores de ópera más importantes del Clasicismo de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII.
Reformó completamente la ópera eliminando las arias da capo, suprimiendo los extensos recitativos secos con clavecín y reemplazándolos por recitativos acompañados por la orquesta. -
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn , conocido como Joseph Haydn, fue un compositor austriaco. Es uno de los máximos representantes del periodo Clásico, además de ser conocido como el «padre de la sinfonía» y el «padre del cuarteto de cuerda» gracias a sus importantes contribuciones a ambos géneros.
Fue un compositor tan prolífico que, cuando murió, su cabeza fue cortada para que los científicos pudieran estudiar su cerebro.
Existen 106 sinfonías escritas por el compositor clásico Joseph Haydn -
Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl Mozart)
Nannerl Mozart fue hermana mayor del afamado compositor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ella también tuvo prodigiosas dotes musicales: cantaba, tocaba el violín y el piano y componía.
Aunque tradicionalmente se señala que ninguna de las obras de Nannerl sobrevivieron, el investigador australiano Martin Jarvis señala que ha encontrado la «escritura musical» de Maria Anna, lo que confirmaría que compuso obras que su hermano menor utilizó para aprender a tocar el piano. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Considerado por muchos como el mayor genio musical de todos los tiempos, Mozart compuso una obra original y poderosa que abarcó géneros tan distintos como la ópera bufa, la música sacra y las sinfonías.
En su niñez más temprana en Salzburgo, Mozart mostró una capacidad prodigiosa en el dominio de instrumentos de teclado y del violín
El aspecto físico de Mozart fue descrito como «un pequeño hombre notable, muy delgado y pálido, con una prominente cabellera de cabellos claros». -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian musician and composer who lost her sight at an early age, and for whom her close friend Mozart may have written his Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-flat major. She was also in contact with Salieri, Haydn, and Gluck.
Maria Theresia von Paradis was the daughter of Joseph Anton von Paradis, Imperial Secretary of Commerce and Court Councilor to the Empress Maria Theresa, for whom she was named. -
Georg Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer, although his work also had characteristics of early classicism. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music. Self-taught in music, he studied law at the University of Leipzig.
Telemann cultivated almost all musical genres, from opera to oratorios to concertos, and introduced important innovations that broke habits in the music of the time. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Compositor alemán. Nacido en el seno de una familia de origen flamenco, su padre, ante las evidentes cualidades para la música que demostraba el pequeño Ludwig, intentó hacer de él un segundo Mozart, aunque con escaso éxito.
Siendo el último gran representante del clasicismo vienés, consiguió hacer trascender la música del Romanticismo, influyendo en diversidad de obras musicales del siglo XIX y su arte se expresó en numerosos géneros. -
Period: to
ℂ𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕞𝕡𝕠𝕣𝕒𝕣𝕪 𝕒𝕘𝕖
The Contemporary Age is the historical period between the French Revolution (1789) and the present day. It is a time characterized by revolutions and by great artistic, demographic, social, political, technological and economic transformations. -
Gioachino Rossini
Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer known for his contributions to the opera genre during the early 19th century. He showed musical talent from a young age. Rossini's operas are celebrated for their lively melodies, intricate orchestrations, and comedic elements.
Some of his most famous works include "The Barber of Seville" (1816), "La Cenerentola" (1817), and "William Tell" (1829). Rossini's operas were immensely popular during his lifetime. -
Franz Schubert
Franz Schubert was an Austrian composer who lived from 1797 to 1828. He was a prolific composer, particularly known for his lieder (German art songs), symphonies, chamber music, and piano music. Schubert's compositions bridge the classical and romantic periods in music, and his works often showcase emotional depth and melodic richness.
Some of Schubert's most famous compositions include his "Symphony No. 8 in B minor," and his "Symphony No. 9 in C major,". -
Hector Berlioz
Berlioz was a French composer known for his innovative orchestration, expressive melodies, and his influence on the Romantic movement in music. Berlioz's compositions often featured vivid programmatic elements, which were influenced by his literary interests and personal experiences.
One of his most famous works is the "Symphonie fantastique," composed in 1830, which tells the story of an artist's unrequited love and subsequent descent into madness. -
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy
Felix Mendelssohn was a German composer, pianist, organist, and conductor of the Romantic era.
Mendelssohn was a child prodigy, showing exceptional musical talent from a young age. He was a prolific composer, known for his melodious compositions, mastery of counterpoint, and skillful orchestration. Some of his most famous works include the Overture to "A Midsummer Night's Dream," his "Violin Concerto in E minor," and the oratorio "Elijah." -
Frédéric François Chopin
Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era. Chopin is considered one of the greatest composers for the piano and his music is admired for its technical brilliance and emotional depth.
Chopin's compositions primarily focused on solo piano works, including nocturnes, preludes, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, études, and sonatas. His music often reflects the characteristics of Polish folk music, with elements such as intricate melodies and rhythmic patterns. -
Robert Schumman
Robert Schumann was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic of the Romantic era. Schumann was a significant figure in the development of Romantic music, known for his lyrical melodies, rich harmonies, and expressive emotions. He composed in various genres, including piano music, chamber music, orchestral works, and songs (lieder).
Schumann's life was marked by periods of intense creativity as well as struggles with mental health issues, such as depression. -
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, and arranger. He was one of the most prominent figures of the Romantic era in classical music. Liszt's compositions often pushed the boundaries of traditional forms and techniques, earning him a reputation as a revolutionary figure in music.
Liszt was renowned for his incredible technical skill and charisma on stage. He was one of the first musicians to perform solo piano recitals! -
Wilhelm Richard Wagner
Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, and theater director who lived from 1813 to 1883. He is best known for his operas, which are some of the most influential and controversial works in the history of Western music. Wagner's operas often feature complex orchestrations, dense harmonies, and dramatic themes drawn from Germanic mythology and medieval legends.
Some of his most famous operas include "Der Ring des Nibelungen" (The Ring Cycle) and "Tristan und Isolde,". -
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi
Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian composer of the Romantic era, best known for his operas. Verdi's works are among the most frequently performed in the operatic repertoire, and he is considered one of the greatest composers of all time.
Verdi's operas are renowned for their dramatic intensity, memorable melodies, and rich orchestration. Some of his most famous works include "La Traviata," "Rigoletto," "Aida," "Nabucco," and "Il Trovatore." -
Clara Schumann
Clara Schumann was a renowned German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. She was one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era and was particularly noted for her interpretations of works by her husband, Robert Schumann, as well as those by Johannes Brahms and Ludwig van Beethoven.
Clara's musical talents were evident from a young age, and she began touring as a concert pianist at the age of eleven. She a successful career as a performer, captivating audiences across Europe. -
Bedřich Smetana
Smetana was a composer born in Bohemia, a region that was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the musician's lifetime. He was a pioneer in the development of a musical style that was intimately linked to Czech nationalism. For this reason, he is recognized in his country as the father of Czech music.
He is known for his contributions to Czech music and his role in developing a national style of music. Also, he is considered one of the most important Czech composers of the 19th century. -
Johannes Brahms
Brahms was a prominent German composer and pianist of the Romantic era. He is known for his rich harmonies, intricate structures, and expressive melodies. Brahms' compositions include symphonies, chamber music, piano works, and choral pieces.
Some of his most famous works include his four symphonies, the German Requiem, the Violin Concerto in D major, the Academic Festival Overture, and the Hungarian Dances.g. -
Modest Músorgski
Modest Mussorgsky was one of the prominent members of the group of Russian composers known as "The Five" or "The Mighty Handful," which also included Balakirev, Borodin, Cui, and Rimsky-Korsakov. Mussorgsky is best known for his innovative compositions, particularly his opera "Boris Godunov" and his piano suite "Pictures at an Exhibition,".
He had a unique and unconventional compositional style, characterized by bold harmonies, expressive melodies, and unconventional rhythms. -
Piotr Ilich Chaikovski
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a renowned Russian composer who is considered one of the most influential of the Romantic period.
His works include symphonies, operas, ballets, chamber music, and concertos. Some of his most famous compositions include ballets like "Swan Lake," "The Nutcracker," and "Sleeping Beauty." He also composed symphonies, such as the popular Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74, commonly known as the "Pathétique Symphony." -
Antonín Leopold Dvořák
Dvořák was a post-Romantic composer from Bohemia, one of the first Czech composers to achieve worldwide recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century.He was known for his symphonies, chamber music, operas, and concertos.
One possible reference is to the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, a keyboard layout designed as an alternative to the standard QWERTY layout. -
Edvard Hagerup Grieg
Edvard Grieg was a Norwegian composer and pianist born. He is best known for his compositions in the Romantic era, particularly his Piano Concerto in A minor and the incidental music he composed for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt.
Grieg showed musical talent at a young age and studied at the Leipzig Conservatory in Germany. He later traveled to Denmark, where he met the Danish composer Niels Gade, who became a significant influence on his work. -
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov mber of the group of composers known as The Five. He was a master of orchestration. His best-known orchestral compositions (Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade) are staples of the classical music repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his 15 operas. Scheherazade is an example of his frequent use of fairy-tale and folk subjects. -
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini
Giacomo Puccini was an Italian composer born on December 22, 1858, in Lucca, Tuscany, and died on November 29, 1924. He is best known for his operas, which include some of the most popular works in the repertoire. Puccini's operas are characterized by their rich melodies, lush orchestrations, and emotional intensity.
Some of his most famous operas include "La Bohème," "Tosca," "Madama Butterfly," and "Turandot." -
Hugo Wolf
Wolf was an Austrian composer known for his significant contributions to the German Lied, or art song, repertoire. He was born in Windischgrätz, then part of the Austrian Empire (now Slovenia), and showed musical talent from a young age. Despite facing financial and emotional struggles throughout his life, Wolf managed to establish himself as one of the most important composers of Lieder in the late Romantic period. -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was a late-Romantic Austrian composer and conductor. He is renowned for his symphonies, songs, and orchestral works, which are characterized by their emotional intensity, complex structures, and incorporation of elements from folk music and other genres.
Mahler's music often explores profound themes such as life, death, nature, and the human condition, and his symphonies are among the longest and most ambitious ever composed. -
Achille Claude Debussy
Debussy was a French composer who lived from 1862 to 1918. He is known for his innovative and influential contributions to the world of classical music, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Debussy is often associated with the Impressionist movement in music, which aimed to evoke mood and atmosphere through suggestion rather than direct statement.
Most famous works: "Clair de Lune," "Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune", "La Mer" (The Sea), and "Suite bergamasque,". -
Johan Julius Christian Sibelius
Sibelius is a Finnish composer known for his orchestral compositions, symphonies, and tone poems. He is considered one of the most significant composers of the late Romantic and early modern periods.
His music often reflects the natural landscapes and folk traditions of Finland, and he played a crucial role in shaping Finnish national identity through his compositions. -
Arnold Schönberg
Arnold Schönberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist, and painter of Jewish origin. Since he emigrated to the United States in 1934, he adopted the name Arnold Schoenberg, and this is how he often appears in English language publications and around the world.
One of his most famous works is the "Verklärte Nacht" ("Transfigured Night"). However, his later works, such as the opera "Moses und Aron" and the "Pierrot Lunaire," showcase his innovative use of dissonance. -
Joseph Maurice Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer of the 20th century. His work, often linked to Impressionism, also shows a bold neoclassical style and, at times, traces of expressionism, and is the fruit of a complex heritage and musical discoveries that revolutionized music for piano and orchestra.
He was recognized as a master of orchestration and for being a meticulous craftsman, cultivating formal perfection while remaining at the same time profoundly human and expressive. -
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important of the first half of the 20th century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all time.
He is best known for his compositions that drew heavily from Spanish folk music and culture. His most famous works include "Nights in the Gardens of Spain", "The Three-Cornered Hat" , and "Ritual Fire Dance". -
Invention of the antibiotics.
It is one of the most relevant scientific inventions in history. They were discovered in 1877 by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, a chemical compound with antibiotic properties. Thanks to its existence, countless lives have been saved. In fact, with its appearance, diseases that until then were considered fatal ceased to be so. Nowadays, we have to monitor the disposal of medicines, because they can have harmful effects on the environment. -
The light bulb.
Thomas Edison and Josephn Swan, two famous inventors from the United States and England respectively, patented the first light bulb in 1879 and 1880. Its commercialization marked a before and after for society. With the appearance of the electric light bulb, the hours of human activity have been quantitatively extended. -
Albert Einsten born
One of the finest and most significant scientists of all time, Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who lived from 14 March 1879 to 18 April 1955. A key player in the dramatic reconstruction of contemporary physics' knowledge of nature in the early decades of the twentieth century, Einstein is best known for having developed the theory of relativity but also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics. -
Béla Viktor János Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who excelled as a composer, pianist, and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century.
Some of Bartók's most famous works include his six string quartets, the Concerto for Orchestra, the Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta.
- CURIOSITY: Bartók was the founders of
ethnomusicology, based on the relationships between
ethnology and musicology. -
Ígor Fiódorovich Stravinski
Igor Stravinsky was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who is considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century.
His career spanned several decades, during which he composed in a variety of styles, ranging from Russian folk-influenced works to neoclassical compositions.
- CURIOSITY: Irreverently, the great Russian composer Igor Stravinsky once said of Antonio Vivaldi: "He did not compose hundreds of concertos. He composed a single concerto hundreds of times." -
Joaquín Turina Pérez
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer known for his contributions to classical music, particularly in the realms of piano music, chamber music, and orchestral compositions.
His musical style was deeply influenced by Spanish folk melodies and rhythms, reflecting the cultural heritage of his homeland. He was part of the generation of composers that also included Manuel de Falla and Isaac Albéniz, who sought to incorporate elements of Spanish folklore and tradition into their compositions. -
Zoltán Kodály
Kodály was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher. Kodály is best known for his contributions to music education, particularly through the development of the Kodály Method, a music education system that emphasizes the use of singing, solfege, and folk songs to develop musical skills.
His compositions are primarily vocal and choral works, often incorporating elements of Hungarian folk music. He was also influenced by other composers such as Bach. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music. He received some musical instruction from his father. He´s considered one of the most important figures in Brazilian classical music and one of the most significant composers of the 20th century.
Villa-Lobos was largely self-taught in music, and he drew inspiration from Brazilian folk music and culture, as well as from European classical music traditions. -
BASKETBALL BIRTH (A NEW SPORT!)
I´m the little girl in the photo -
George Gershwin
George Gershwin was an American composer and pianist, known for his contributions to both popular and classical music. Gershwin's compositions are characterized by their blend of jazz, classical, and popular music influences. Some of his most famous works include "Rhapsody in Blue," "An American in Paris," and the opera "Porgy and Bess."
Throughout his career, Gershwin collaborated with his brother Ira Gershwin, who wrote the lyrics for many of his songs. -
Olivier Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist. He was one of the most influential composers of the 20th century and is known for his innovative and highly individualistic style.
Messiaen's music is characterized by its use of complex rhythms, rich harmonies, and vivid orchestration. He often drew inspiration from nature, particularly birdsong, which he incorporated into many of his compositions. His religious faith also played a significant role in his work! -
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer was a French composer, musicologist, and radio engineer who is often considered one of the founding fathers of musique concrète, an experimental form of music that involves manipulating recorded sounds.
Schaeffer's work in musique involved using everyday sounds, such as those produced by objects, machines, and human activities, as the raw material for musical compositions. -
John Milton Cage Jr.
John Cage was an American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher. A pioneer of aleatory music, electronic music, and the non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the postwar avant-garde.
He was also a pioneer in the use of prepared piano, where various objects are inserted between the strings of a piano to alter its sound.
Cage's ideas extended beyond music into the realm of philosophy and aesthetics. He was influenced by Eastern philosophy! -
The Theory of Relativity
Albert Einstein, a German scientist you may have heard of, proposed his theory of relativity in 1915. Summed up, the theory states that mass can warp both space and time, which allows large masses like starsto bend light. It’s trippy . -
Pierre Henry
Pierre Henry was a French musician, considered to be the creator, along with Pierre Schaeffer, of the so-called musique concrète and one of the godfathers of electroacoustic music.
- FUN FACT: He never went to school and his parents hired numerous educators who visited him at his home. -
Philipp Glass
Philip Glass is an American composer and pianist known for his minimalist compositions. His music is characterized by repetitive structures and rhythmic patterns, often with a hypnotic quality.
He studied at the University of Chicago and the Juilliard School of Music before embarking on his career as a composer.
He has since composed numerous operas, symphonies, chamber music pieces, and film scores. -
CREATION OF NBA
The NBA, or National Basketball Association, was founded on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). It later merged with the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949 to form the NBA as we know it today. -
Internet
It was born in the sixties of the last century in the United States, when an exclusively military network was created to, in the event of a Soviet attack, have access to information from anywhere in the country. Already in the eighties, Tim Berners-Lee and scientists from MIT created HTTP and, later, the World Wide Web. This ends up becoming the essential infrastructure of the digital age. -
CREATION OF WNBA
The WNBA (Women's National Basketball Association) was founded in 1996. It was established as the counterpart to the NBA but focused on women's basketball. -
Ⓜⓨ ⓑⓘⓡⓣⓗⓓⓐⓨ !
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MIURA 1 LAUNCH
MIURA 1 is a suborbital launch vehicle, privately developed in Europe. Our first space system is completely designed by PLD Space to take your payloads to space and return them safely. Our goal is to advance scientific research and technology development in microgravity conditions to help people on Earth.