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Is the oldest surviving complete musical composition. It was a melody composed by a man for his deceased wife. It was written in greek. It,s in the National Museum of Dinamarca, in Copenhague. It was discovered in 1883 by William Mitchell Connor Ramsay in Turkey and kept in a museum in Izmir until it was lost during the Asia Minor Holocaust. It was later rediscovered, worn at its base and with the last line of text erased.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-2IR4mpf7U -
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred chant in Latin of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed primarily in Western and Central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. -
He was an Italian Benedictine monk and music theorist who is one of the central figures in the music of the Middle Ages. He established a name for each note of the scale, based on the first syllable of each verse of the hymn dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. He originated the current musical writing, establishing the position of each note in four horizontal parallel lines (tetagram). -
She was a 12th-century German Benedictine nun, abbess, and polymath, recognized as a saint and doctor of the Church. She was noted for her mystical visions, her work as a writer, philosopher, composer, and scientist, and her work as a physician -
Ars antiqua, also called Ars veterum or Ars vetus, refers to the music of late medieval Europe between approximately 1170 and 1310, spanning the period of the Notre Dame School of polyphony and the years after. The first polyphonic form was the organum that adds a second voice to a Gregorian chant melody, wich moves parallel to the first.
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He was a popular troubador, composer and Provençal poet. His songs main themes were the courtly love, devotion to the lady, beauty and the suffering of love. He was one of the first to develop the classical form of the canso (a lyrical love song) and his style influenced the poetry of later troubadours, especially to the trouvères of north of France and European courtly poetry. -
Leonin or Magister Leoninus is, along with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, associated with the Notre Dame School. In 1192 he was ordained a priest at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. He is credited with creating the Magnus liber organi, the great book of organa, a style of composition from the mid-12th century, used in Notre Dame around 1200. -
Perotin was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. He is considered the most important composer of the Notre Dame School of Paris, where the polyphonic style began to take shape. -
Alfonso X "the Wise" was King of Castile and León from 1252 to 1284. He is known for his significant cultural and legislative work, including the codification of laws in Castilian, the founding of Castilian prose, and the promotion of the Toledo School of Translators. He was also an important economic, military, and political reformer. -
Ars nova is an expression that designates musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school, which would occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the 15th century.
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He was a medieval French clergyman, poet, and composer. He contributed to the development of the motet and secular song. He composed the Notre Dame Mass in four parts, which is the earliest known polyphonic mass written by a single composer. His compositional style, in both his sacred and secular works, influenced numerous later composers. -
He was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker, and astrologer. He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and the most famous composer in Italy. He was blind since he was a kid, that´s why he decided to dedicate to music. -
He was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with movable type, around 1450. Before its invention, books were copied by hand, a slow and expensive process reserved only for monasteries and the nobility. With the printing press, the reproduction of texts became fast, accurate, and accessible, allowing for the mass dissemination of knowledge. His most famous work, the Gutenberg Bible, marked the beginning of the printing age and transformed culture and education in Europe. -
Juan del Encina was a musician, poet, and playwright of the Spanish Pre-Renaissance, who is considered one of the great creators of religious and secular polyphony of the late 15th and early 16th centuries. He is the most outstanding composer of secular music. He is considered the initiator and patriarch of Spanish theatre.[1][2] His beginnings can be dated to Christmas 1492, when he performed two theatrical eclogues before the Dukes of Alba in which shepherds announce the birth of Christ. -
Martin Luther, born Martin Luder, was a theologian, philosopher, and Augustinian Catholic friar who started and was the main promoter of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and whose teachings inspired the theological and cultural doctrine known as Lutheranism. The result was the separation of his followers, the Protestants, from the Catholic Church. Three years before his death, he wrote several treatises on Christian anti-Judaism, the most famous being called: On the Jews and Their Lies. -
Cristóbal de Morales, a Spanish Catholic priest and choirmaster, was the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three great figures, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of Spanish Renaissance polyphonic composition. He trained as a choirboy in the Seville Cathedral choir. He had a difficult personality, aware of his exceptional talent but unable to get along with those of lesser musical ability. -
He was a celebrated organist, harpist, and composer of the Spanish Renaissance. Blind from an early age, he developed a musical sensitivity that led him to become a chamber musician for Charles V and Philip II. In 1526 he was organist of the musical chapel of Empress Isabella of Portugal, and in 1538 he entered the service of Emperor Charles I as organist of his Castilian chapel, where he had to come into contact with the singers of the emperor's Flemish chapel. -
He was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known representative of the Roman School of musical composition of the 16th century. He had a lasting influence on the development of church and secular music in Europe, especially on the development of counterpoint, and his work is considered the culmination of Renaissance polyphony. He was one of the main composers in Rome with Orlando di Lasso. -
He was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. Along with Palestrina and Victoria, he is considered one of the most influential composers of the 16th century. He was one of the main composers in Rome. His compositions were exclusively religious and the style was sober, simple and clear. He wrote more than 2,233 compositions, including vocal music with lyrics in Latin, French, Italian, and German, in all the genres known in his time. -
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. Uncle of perhaps the more famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers. He had a great influence on the dissemination of the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany.He acquired and maintained a reputation as one of the finest composers. Working within the unique acoustic space of the basilica, he develop his distinctive ceremonial style. -
Maddalena Casulana was an Italian composer, lutenist, and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first female composer in the history of Western music to have an entire volume of her music printed and published.Her works were primarily madrigals, compositions for three to six voices, usually sung a cappella or with musical accompaniment. They were short and often dealt with themes of love. In her works, Maddalena wrote about how difficult it was to be a female composer in her time. -
He was a Catholic priest, choirmaster, and celebrated polyphonic composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most important and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that foreshadowed the imminent Baroque period. He studied in Italy and there he met Palestrina, whose influence can be seen in his works. The most famous work of Tomás Luis de Victoria is the "Officium Defunctorum" (Office of the Dead), composed in 1605. -
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, marking the transition from Renaissance to Baroque music. He was responsible for compiling and editing his uncle's work. The result was the publication of the Concerti. He composed several works in his uncle's style, but further emphasizing the contrasts with greater drama and color. -
Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures in late Renaissance music, known for his intensely expressive madrigals and sacred music pieces with a chromaticism that would not be heard again until the late 19th century. The most notorious event of his life was the murder of his first wife and her lover, whom he caught "in flagrante delicto." -
He was an Italian composer, viol player, singer, choir director, and priest. He composed both secular and sacred music and marked the transition between the polyphonic and madrigal tradition of the 16th century and the birth of lyric drama and opera in the 17th century. He is a crucial figure in the transition between Renaissance and Baroque music. Some of his importants compositions are the operas L'Orfeo, L'Arianna, Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea. -
He was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque period and one of the main representatives of the Roman School. In 1627 he was appointed choirmaster in Assisi, and from 1628 until his death he served as choirmaster at the church of Sant'Apollinare in Rome. He composed masses, oratorios, motets and cantatas, the most importants are Jefté, Sacrificed d'Isacco, Lamentatio damnatorum and Judicium Salomonis. -
She was an Italian composer and singer known for her vocal music during the Baroque period. She composed solo songs, cantatas, and madrigals, showcasing emotional depth and virtuosic vocal writing. Strozzi´s compositions, often set her own poetry, explore themes of love and female empowerment. Despite the challenges she faced as a female composer, Strozzi,s music remains celebrated for its artistic merit and unique voice. -
He was an English Baroque composer. Considered one of the greatest English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, creating a uniquely English style of Baroque music. The first work that can be identified with certainty as being by him is the Ode for the King's Birthday, written in 1670. Henry Purcell composed a total of 861 works. His work was influenced by three styles: English music, French music and Italian music. -
He was an Italian composer and violinist renowned for his contribution to the Baroque period. His most famous work is the set of violin concertos The Four Seasons, it shows his mastery of composition and musical innovation. He composed a wide variety of music, with operas, concertos, and sacred music. His style is characterised by its energy, virtuosity, and imaginative use of the rhythm after his death, it experience a revival in the 20th century and is known for its beauty and originality. -
He was a German Baroque composer, but his work also exhibited characteristics of early Classicism. He was a contemporary of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel. Telemann described his early lessons with clarity and sound critical judgment, clearly demonstrating his innovative approach to the music of his time. He was never able to count the number of his compositions, traveled extensively, absorbing diverse musical studies and incorporating them into his own work. -
He was a German composer and musician known for his remarkable works in the Baroque period. Is recognised for his operatic compositions, orations, and instrumental music. His most famous work is the oratorio Messiah, wich includes the renowned chorus Hallelujah. He excelled in melodic composition and had a talent for creating emotive and grandiose works. His musical legacy continues to be widely performed and appreciated worlwide, and he is considered one of the most influential composers. -
He was a German composer and musician considered one of the greatest in history. HIs work encompasses a wide range of genres, from choral and religious music to instrumental compositions. Is renowned for his mastery of counterpoint and his ability to blend technical complexity with musical beauty. His most important works include the Passions, the Brandenburg Concertos, the Goldberg Variations, and The Well-Tempered Clavier. His music continues to be performed and cherished worldwide. -
Antonio Stradivari was the most prominent Italian luthier. He is the most celebrated stringed instrument maker in music. He began to show originality and make alterations to Amati's violin designs. The Stradivarius is one of the stringed instruments built by members of the Italian Stradivari family, particularly by Antonio Stradivari. Stradivarius instruments are highly valued by the world's leading performers and antique collectors. The Stradivarius store is named after its violins.