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Music education proponent, believed music was for all and led to responsible citizens in community
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Proponent of music as worthy leisure activity but believed only a few should be trained as music professionals
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Music notation emerged and revolutionized music - new emphasis on music reading in educational practices
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Fought against notion of child depravity and inspired child-centered movement in education
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1642 - educate kids
1647 - make a school when towns grow big enough (Old Deluder Satan Law)
1648 - school tax, establish curriculum (no music) -
Early 1700s until today (though decline around Civil War) Old Way (rote) vs. Regular Way (note)
Ministers were tired of terrible congregational singing, so singing schools developed as a social activity as well as a means of teaching hymns by note
Traveling singing masters
Tunebooks became standardized over time -
Swiss educator who influenced many American educators like Lowell Mason, believed in sensory experience before abstract theory...also "love and understanding" approach
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Created kindergarten
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"Father" of American school of singing
Created Manual of Boston Academy which was used nationwide to teach music reading via drills with syllables -
Influenced "scientific" method of teaching (i.e. testing)
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In New Hampshire
Singing schools led to singing societies, which led to music conventions -
Trying to get vocal music into schools
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Touring violinist/conductor who was model for high school orchestras and "Old World" music
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Pioneer in child-study movement w/ John Dewey
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National Teachers Association
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American Association for the Advancement of Education (Horace Mann)
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Now the new NTA
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Pioneer in child-study movement w/ G. Stanley Hall
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Publishers started standardizing the way music was taught in the 1860s
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Early advocate for music appreciation, used emerging technology such as phonograph and radio
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Social Services
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Music Teachers National Association (Theodore Presser)
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National Education Association
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First one in 1886, around 250 schools teaching music
Second one in 1889, showed increases -
...in Connecticut
Jesse Clark Orchestra in Kansas -
Richmond, Indiana
One of the first to have complete instrumentation -
A.A. Harding...first band to form letters/words
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in CA, disrupted education conferences
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Papa Haydn - origin of NAfME
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Music Supervisors National Conference
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HS music classes awarded credit
1 for courses and 1/2 for rehearsals -
First supervisor of instrumental music
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Progressive Education Association
7 principles:
1. Freedom to develop naturally
2. Interest as motive to work
3. Teacher as guide, not taskmaster
4. Scientific study of student dev.
5. Greater attention to physical dev.
6. Cooperation between school/home
7. Prog. school as leader -
Joseph Maddy's orchestra at 1922 MSNC meeting led to creation of Committee on Instrumental Affairs
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Joseph Maddy/Thaddeus Giddings wrote one of the first method books to teach all instruments
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Instrumental Affairs Committee provided this list as they governed music contests (after war, manufacturers needed new clients)
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Albert Mitchell brought British violin method back to Boston (Maidstone movement) and wrote this book
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National High School Orchestra perform for superintendents in Dallas
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Walter Damrosch introduced students to the "Great Masters"
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Music Educators National Conference
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Integration
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Cold War led to reprioritizing of curriculum...music down, STEM up
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Scientists advocated for arts
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Charles Leohnard and Allan Britton were early leaders in this movement to stop touting music's utilitarianism and focus on its uniqueness...paired well with conceptual learning movement
Criticized for focus on Western music -
School music sucks (says non-educators)
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Contemporary Music Project...tried to get more music educators to be receptive to modern music and have living composers do residencies
Also led to Comprehensive Musicianship movement, which broadened teacher training to include many things such as history, analysis, ear training, cultural studies, interdisciplinary studies, etc.
Ended in 1973 -
K-6 repertory
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Pres. Johnson
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Manhattan music curriculum
Hawaii music curriculum
Jerome Bruner - spiral curriculum - conceptual -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
"War on Poverty" -
- Maintain music's integrity as an art
- Multicultural curriculum including popular music
- Education before/after k-12
- Senior High
- Technology
- Individual needs/potentials
- Overcoming social problems like in inner city
- Equip music teachers w/ better resources/knowledge
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Came out of Tanglewood
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(Descriptions and Standards)
National Commission on Instruction put this out as a result of the GO Project...set the bar for teachers nationwide -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
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Reagan years
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(A New Philosophy of Music Education) by David Elliott
Pioneer in praxialism...participating in music..."musicing" and "flow experiences" -
No Child Left Behind
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National Association for Music Education
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Every Student Succeeds Act