Timeline: Music in general

Period: 400 to 600

Antique music

Music of classical Antiquity develops. No scores.

Period: 600 to 700

Gregorian chant

Gregorian chant starts to be compiled. Modal scales start to be used. Compiled Roman Catholic music. It was named after the pope Gregory the Great.

Period: 700 to 800

Andalucía

Andalusian music appearance.

Period: 800 to 900

Music tipes birth

Birth of secular music and polyphony.

Period: 900 to 1000

Guido d´Arezzo

Guido d´Arezzo´s birth (fourline stave inventor in 992)

Period: 1000 to 1100

Notation

Neumatic notation invention. Birth of the composer Hildegar von Bingen.

Period: 1098 to 1179

Hildegard Bon Bigen

Hildegard von Bigen German nun, writer, scientist and composer. Mystic visions with music. 78 liturgical songs.

Period: 1100 to 1200

Rhythmic modes

Start of Ars of Antiqua. Rhythmic modes start to be used.

Period: 1200 to 1300

Cantigas

Mensural notation appears. Cantigas de Santa María are compiled with Cantigas de Amigo in songbooks.

Period: 1300 to 1500

Llibre Bermell

Start of Ars Nova. Llibre Vermell de Montserat is written.

Period: 1400 to 1449

Renaissance

New textures (imitative counterpoint, homorythmic homophony and melody-dominated homophony). Melody and harmony. Use of chords.

Period: 1400 to 1499

Renaissance dances

Teachers. Pavane, galliard, branle and sarabande.

Period: 1400 to 1499

Renaissance music

Religious vocal music like motet (more important though already existent), mass and chorale, while in the other hand we have romances, villancicos and ensaladas for Spain´s secular vocal music.

1450

Birth of Josquin des Prés

Franco - flemish composer. https://youtu.be/3GBwbt6hK6c

1468

Juan del Encina

Spanish musician.https://youtu.be/UlnCoTBEUb0

1475

Cancionero de Palacio

Starts to be compiled.https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4EBF2B001AA3A311

1481

Mateo Flecha el Viejo

Spanish composer of ensaladashttps://youtu.be/b-GtImUs-Yk

Period: 1483 to 1546

Martin Luther

German theologian. Started the protestant reformation. Composer and flautist. Inclussion of prisioners in singing.

1500

Cristóbal de Morale and Luis de Millán

They were born in Spain

1501

Ottaviano Petrucci

Publisher of the first printed book of music

Period: 1532 to 1544

Orlando di Laso and Madalena Casulana

Born in Italy

Period: 1538 to 1548

Antonio de Cabezón and Tomás Luis de Victoria

Born in Spain

1556

Cancionero de Upsala

Published in Venice

1567

Claudio Monteverdi

Born in Italy

1584

Francisco Correa de Arauxo

Born in Spain

Period: 1587 to 1640

Francesca Caccini

Was born in Florence in a family of musicians who performen toghether as Conccerto Caccini. She was a good singer and played the harp, harpsicord and lute. First woman to compose opera. Interested in sciences.

1588

Orchésographie

Publicated by Thoinot Arbeau

1597

John Dowland

Composer and luthenist. Publishes his First Booke of Songs or Ayres

1600

Jacopo Peri

Coposes Euridice (first opera)

Period: 1600 to 1750

Barroque period

From the invention of opera to the death of JS Bach (Barroque Period) instruments and musical forms were invented. Basso continuo was a very frequent base. Orchestras appeared.

Instruments: viola, violín, cello, double bass, barroque guitar, oboe, flute, basson, trumpet and kettle drums.
Musical forms : Instrumental forms (fugue, suite, sonata and concerto) and vocal ones (Opera with libretto, opera seria and opera buffa and also religious vocal music with polychoralism).

Period: 1678 to 1741

Antonio Vivaldi

Composer and priest of Venice. Violin proffesor. Author of The Four Seasons. https://youtu.be/GRxofEmo3HA

1685

J.S. Bach´s birth

Was a german artist.

Period: 1730 to 1820

Classical period

Important compositors: Franz Joseph Haydin, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Bethoven.
Instruments used: Clarinet(woodwind)https://youtu.be/5A8jZJaYhaU, French Horn(brass)https://youtu.be/_BK-akcT0mQ and piano(struck string).
Instrumental forms: sonata, trio, quartet, quintet,symphony and concerto.
Vocal music: opera (seria, in which Christoph Willibald Gluck stood out, and buffa, for example Magic Flute was composed) and religious vocal music).

Period: 1820 to 1910

Musical nationalism

Patriotic music:
- Russia composers: Alexander Borodin, César Cui and Nicolai Rimsky Korsakov(https://youtu.be/KOEX-8GhicU).
- Spain: Felipe Pedrell (https://youtu.be/V59WWAxzTYU)
- Hungry: Belá Bartók (https://youtu.be/C68SkzGb6Ww)

Period: 1820 to 1910

Romantic period´s introduction to music and instrumental music

it aimed to free from the classical rules and express emotions. Aimed from virtuosity and unity of the piece. Used wider vocabulary. Small compositions in melody-dominated homophony appeared.(https://youtu.be/bSR4vkskCyk)
Compositions for piano were: short pieces for piano solo (https://i.pinimg.com/236x/8a/39/73/8a3973196746cac4dd4c9007ad3bffb4.jpg?b=t), chamber music and longer works.(https://youtu.be/HtJFr4u23q4)
Also the symphonic orchestra appeared (https://youtu.be/FGzVtcHg6IQ)

Period: 1820 to 1910

Romantic´s period vocal music and dances

The main forms of the vocal music were:
- Opera (burgeosie´s favourite): Gaetano Donizetti and Vicenzo Bellini´s 'bel canto' in Italy
(https://youtu.be/sTplvRUyyPM),Meyerbeer´s grand opera in France(https://youtu.be/GTs5OpfaQLE) and Carl Maria von Weber´s fantastic and mitological compositions.
-Zarzuela(https://youtu.be/0Q9SeKrDUmA)
-Lied(https://youtu.be/Qq2nmlV5VRw)
Main dances:ballet(https://youtu.be/EJcdyZ2nGas) and ballroom like the waltz(https://youtu.be/UR38pn4ueQE)

Period: 1900 to 1999

20th century

Music broke from previous concepts of tone, timbre and rhythm
Pursued novelty, experimentation and originality
different ways of representing music -Computer and instrumental resources https://youtu.be/HVqMcOB_vnE