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The Middle Age start with the ending of the Western Roman Empire.
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The Middle Ages started in the year 476 and finished in 1492
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-It has a monophony texture, without instrumental accompanient.
-It uses modal scales and is in free time.
-The text is in Latin whith a religious theme.
-It´s performed by male voices and alternates between a soloist and a choir, or between two choirs. -
The main medieval liturgical polyphony forms were:
-Organum
-Discantus
-Conductus -
Goliards, who were wandering clerics or mendicant students. In the 13 century there were lots of them.
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The Catholic Church only allowed the organ in liturgy and no other instruments.
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Marin Luther was a German theologian and monk, known for starting the Protestant Reformation in his country. He was also a composer and flautist.
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-COMPOSITIONS BASED ON VOCAL MUSIC:TIENTO
-COMPOSITIONS WITH AN IMPROVISATIONAL FEEL:TOCCATA
-VARIATIONS:DIFERENCIAS -
-MOTET
-MASS
-CHORALE -
The first woman to public her compositions in the history of Western music.
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Tomas Luis de Victoria was a spanish compositor. He was born in Avila and received his first lessons music there. At the age of 19 he traveled to Rome to completed his musical trainer and be one of the best one.
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John Dowland was an English composer and lutenist. He was one of the first composers to use melody-dominated homophony and he's famous for his expressive songs for voices and lute.
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Basso continuo, sometimes just called "continuo", was played by a keyboard instrument and another bass instrument such as cello, violone (an old form of double bass) or bassoon. The keyboard instrument was normally a harpsichord, or, if it was being played in a church, an organ.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BLr7Yt_ehw -
An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting. The word "song" is widely misused by people in the popular music industry to describe any musical composition, whether sung or played only by instruments. The music is primarily or exclusively produced using musical instruments.
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-BASSO CONTINUO
-STRINGS
-WIND
-PERCUSSION -
Fugue Suite
Sonata
Concerto -
OPERA
Libretto
Opera seria
Opera buffa -
Mass
Motet
Polychoralism -
Characteristics
The Baroque period saw the creation of common-practice tonality, an approach to writing music in which a song or piece is written in a particular key; this kind of arrangement has continued to be used in almost all Western popular music. During the Baroque era, professional musicians were expected to be accomplished improvisers of both solo melodic lines and accompaniment parts. Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a basso continuo group -
-It was balanced
-Formal perfection and universal beauty
-Musical forms with well-defined structures and smooth transitions between its sections.
-Symmetrical musical phrases
-Simple harmony, clear breacks, precise structure.
-Melody-dominated homophony(Alberti bass) -
-Waiting to be free from Classical rules and expression emotions
-Aiming for virtuosity
-Using a winder vocabulary
-Using melody-dominated homophony
-Appearing in small musical forms
-Aiming for unity in the piece of music -
WOODWING:
-Bass clarinet
-Contrabassoon
-English horn
-Saxofone
BRASS:
-Trombone
-Tuba
PERCUSSION:
-Gong, bass drum, triangle, snare drum, cymbals, marimba, celesta. -
SONATA
TRIO, QUARTET, QUINTET
SYMPHONY
CONCERTO
THE ORCHESTA -
CARACTHERISTICS:
-The plots were a closer reflection on the lives of the audience
-Dramatic action and the characters
-The chorus became more revelant
-The orchesta grew and became more important
TYPES OF OPERA
Opera seria
Opera buffa
Religious vocal music -
-Short pieces for solo piano
-Chamber music
-Longer works -
ORCHESTA, CONCERTO, PROGRAMME MUSIC, PROGRAME SYMPHONY AND POEM
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OPERA:
Italy; bel canto and verismo
France; grand opera and operetta
Germany; leitmotiv
ZARZUELA:
17th to 19th Francisco Asenjo
LIED:
Robert Schumann -
Ballet start in 1832
Ballroom dances
Waltz especially in Viena -
Juan Crisostomo de Arriaga
Fernando Sor
Luigi Boccherini
Vicente Martin y Soler -
-RUSSIA: The Five
-HUNGRART: ETHNOMUSICOLOGY
-SPAIN: Later 20th, Manuel de Falla -
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