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I. Because instruments used in church were considered blasphemous, they remained unused until the early 1800's, starting w/ the cello. II. Singing masters began teaching instruments.
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I. Nations school systems reacted favorably to the request to include vocal music in schools as regularly established branch of instruction. II. Took organizational efforts of national music teachers to establish a more common view of the curriculum.
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I. In this year, music became a curricular in U.S. schools. II. W/ the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in the early 19th-century, American culture was beginning to resemble that of Europe b/c of the change economic basis. III. Lowell Mason, composer and teacher, persuaded Boston School Committee to add music as a curriculum in schools. IV. It was approved in one Boston school, but by the end of the 19th-centtury swept the nation.
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I. Knoxville, Tennessee. Offered in both private lessons and group lessons.
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I. Lewis A. Benjamin Sr., the first to teach orchestral instruments in a class setting in the U.S. II. Jointly published "New York Normal Song Book" w/ Isaac Woodberry in 1851. III. Organized a music academy which students paid 25 cents per lesson. Members of the academy would host public concerts. IV. The academy sold instruments and also offered scholarships to talented musicians w/ a commitment of 2 years.
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I. James L. Howell & his brother Jospeh taught music (primarily violin) classes while also selling musical instruments. II. Joesph Howell wrote "New Class Books": a collection of songs in 1, 2, & 3 parts.
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I. After years of expressing desire to bring conservatory style teachings to the U.S., Tourjee Began the New England Conservatory of Music. II. The American conservatory's were aimed at people of from all backgrounds and abilities because of the desire to start a musical renaissance.
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I. First intro'd in 1869, but in 1877, city officials failed to appropriate funds for the music teachers salaries. II. This established "penny-a-lesson" teachers, who offered vocal lessons to students who wished to take them at the charge of a penny. III. Vocal music wasn't intro'd back into the curriculum until 1895.
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I. Formed in a small Lutheran college in Minnesota and focused primary on the instruction of voice and piano II. Made famous by F. Melius Christiansen and also by the groups' sense of religious mission.
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I. Organized 1876 w/ Eben Tourjee as President.
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I. Music education was used to appropriate immigrants to the U.S. culture. II. Ideally, these immigrants were to shed their old national identities and live as Americans.
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I. One of the most imitated by the U.S.
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I. While several were held in the span of the Benjamins contribution to music education, one of the most famous would be hosted by Frank T. Benjamin. A 3-day event w/ 2,500 students participating. II. The carnivals were a excellent example of early mass performance. Included children of surrounding schools and also of the Benjamin Academy.
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I. A development of a coral union involving over 1,200 members w/ Frank Damrosch, the first music supervisor of music in Denver.
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I. A group formed to specialize in unaccompanied (a cappella) singing.
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I. Began violin classes II. Instrument dealers III. Wished to develop a love for orchestral music through their students.
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Identified skils such as listening, reading, the arts, music, literature, composition, and social sciences.
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Created by Ronald Regan
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The College Board Study
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High School: A report on secondary education in America-Ernest Boyer
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Excluded arts from the National Commission on Excelence in Education
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Published its 91st yearbook
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Founded the may day group
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49 states adopted the standard. Publication of the "The Bell Curve" written by Hernstein and Murray
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Celebrated it 100th anniversary with its centennial congress in Orlando, Florida. NAMM was founded. STEAM became law.
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Reiner wrote "seeking the significance of music education: essays and reflections."
President Obama signed a new education program into law "Race to the top" -
Investigates spiritually and music education held its first meeting in Birmingham, England
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Released arts education standards.
Technology became very popular in late 21st century.
Partnership for 21st century skills (P21)