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The Mongols come to China from Central Asia.
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Temujin rose to power and took the title of Genghis Khan and took power over Mongols in China.
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The Mongols conquer Asia and used siege warfare. Siege warfare is when you surround and capture a city.
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Genghis Khan died, and the Mongols controlled most of northern China and Central Asia. The Empire was divided into different regions.
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Genghis Khan's grandson took up the Gorden Horde and conquered Russia. The Golden Horde is the Mongol Army.
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Kublai Khan became the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He wanted to complete the total conquest of China. At this time, the Song Dynasty still ruled in the south.
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The last Song ruler was defeated. The Yuan Dynasty was created and Kublai Khan was the emperor.
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The Mongols tried to invade Japan. The Japanese believed the Kamikaze saved them. The Kamikaze were described as winds that protected them from harm. Now they are air planes that people use to crash and sacrifice themselves to kill their enemies,
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Kublai Khan died and power struggles erupted over who would hold the thron. The Yuan dynasty weakened.
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Marco Polo and his dad got back from a 17 year trip around China. Their adventures were written in a book. It described the grand palace and said that China worked effeciently.
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The Pax Mongolis was the Mongol Peace period. During that time was the Black Death. The Black Death was also the bonic plague which whiped out many Europeans during this time.
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A rebel army defeated the mongols. The Mongols fled to Manchuria and foreign rule ended in China.
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Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Mongol Army and founded the Ming Dnasty. China's rulers gained control of Korea, Mongolia, and parts of Central and Southeast Asia. Zhu took the name of Hongwu and he worked to rebuild China.
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The Great Wall of China was restored during Ming China to protect themselves from enemies from the north.
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Hongwu died in 1398.
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Yonglo, Hongwu's son, becam the emperor and he moved the capital to Beijing. He built a city inside Beijin and high walls surrounded it. It was known as the forbidden city because most people were forbidden for entering it.
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Zhen He led seven voyages to Africa and exchanged gifts with foreighn leaders. The sea power was grearing and he had fleets of 300 ships. Fleets of ships were also known as junks.
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A new emperor stoped overseas voyages because they were too expensive and some thought that China's items should be used for defense.
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The move to get Ming China in isolation gained full fore. It heavily restricted trade and they did not want Christian missionaries.
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Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit priest, arrived from Europe . He learned Chinese customs and rituals and was accepted into Ming court wherer he introduced European ideas.
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The Ming Dynasty began to decline because weak rulers took the throne, corruption in creased and rebellions broke out.
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Manchu took the capital and they formed their own dynasty- Qing Dynasty.
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The Qing dynasty ruled for about 300 years. It was the lasty dynasty to rule Imperial China. It grew in prosperity and it greatly expanded.
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In the 1650s, the Manchu began inforcing strict rules. Manchu could no longer marry Chinese. Chinese males had to wear their hair in a queue or braid. A queue is type of braid.
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During Kangxi's rule from 1661-1772, he reduced taxes, expanded the empire and supported the arts.
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"Dream of the Red Chamber" was written by Coa Zhan. It is known as China's greatest novel and shows Chinese upper-class family.
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Qianlong ruled from 1736-1796 and expanded the empire to its largest size and the agriculture production greatly rose.
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The population in China hit 300 million people which is the highest it had ever been.
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Lord George Macartney came to China to expand trade and bring Europen traditions to China. The Chinese believed he should be following in their customs and beliefs. They believed he should be kowtoring too which is kneeling to the emperor and touching your forehead to ground nine times. He refused so the Chinese sent him away.
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The Qing Dynasty fell because in the 1800s, they were trying to open up China's closed society which eventually led to war and the Qin Dynasty's down fall.
