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The first university created and formed as a guild of students. -
Became a leading center for theology and liberal arts. Served as a model for later universities. -
After King Henry II banned English students from studying at the University of Paris, it forced many scholars to return to England and made Oxford a major center of learning. -
After major conflict in Oxford, many masters and students migrated to Cambridge where it adopted a lot of Oxford's structures. -
The papal bull by Pope Gregory IX gave the University of Paris independence. This became the model for universities. -
Harvard was the first higher education institution in the colonies. It helped to establish the higher education system for future America. -
The General Court of Massachusetts passed a law requiring parents and masters to ensure children could read and understand religious principles. -
Benjamin Franklin promoted the College of Philadelphia to move away from traditional education to prepare students for life in other areas of the community. It emphasized modern languages and sciences. -
The College of Rhode Island was notable for its religious tolerance. It helped to establish religious tolerance in the higher education system throughout the colonies. -
The war caused many colleges to temporarily close. Many students and faculty joined in the war. -
The first public university in the U.S. and marked the beginning of state funded higher education. -
Established by Thomas Jefferson, created to train officers for the U.S. army. -
A document created by the Yale faculty defending classical curriculum vs a modern curriculum. -
Cheyney became the first institution of higher education for American Americans, particularly for teacher education. -
Provided federal land to states to establish colleges. -
This was the beginning of the modern research university, the German model of graduate study, research, academic freedom and the Ph.D. as a standard for faculty. -
Required states with segregated school systems to either open their land grant colleges to black students or create separate institutions for them. -
Established to create uniform entrance exams to standardize admissions and the growing competition among universities. -
Formed by 14 leading research institutions to standardize graduate education. -
Created to defend academic freedom and establish standards for tenure and faculty governance. -
Opened college access to veterans, providing them with benefits to help them return to society including help with tuition payments, living stipends and low interest home loans. -
Ended legal segregation and challenged racial barriers within higher education. -
Required government contractors to take proactive steps to ensure equal employment opportunity, influencing college hiring and admissions policies. -
Prohibited discrimination in education, employment and federally funded programs. -
Expanded federal student aid and tied funding to equity and desegregation. -
Law the prohibited sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal funding. -
Gave students the right to access their educational records and limited who institutions could share information with. -
Expanded financial aid eligibility to middle-income students. -
This took over federal oversight, student aid programs and accountability in higher education. -
Required colleges and universities to provide reasonable accommodations and ensure equal access for individuals with disabilities.