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The first carbon microphone was developed by Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US.
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The first condenser microphone was invented by Edward Christopher Wente
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The first ribbon microphone was invented by Harry F. Olson
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The wireless microphone was invented by Raymond A. Litke. It was designed for multimedia applications including television, radio, and higher education.
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Sennheiser developed the first clip-on microphones: one that was a directional mic and one that was designed for the studio. These microphones are still popular today.
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MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) microphones begin making inroads in portable devices including cell phones, headsets, and laptops.