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the Tokugawa shogunate had ruled japan for 200 years. it kept an isolationist policy regarding foreign trade.
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The Cry of Dolores was a cry by Spanish priest Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.
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Mexico gains independence on September 16, 1821.
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the constitution stated:
1- "The Mexican Nation is forever free and independent of the Spanish government, and every other power." -
u.s asks japan to open foreign relations.
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the sat.cho alliance forced the shogun to end relations with the west. when the west refused, the sat- cho leaders attacked the shogun´s palace in kyoto. his forces colapsed, ending the shogunate system and beginning the meiji restoration.
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the meiji government , for 20 years, carefully studied the westerners , as the process evolved, two major factions appeared.
the liberals: who wanted a democratic government based on the west.
the progressives: who wanted power to be share between the legislative and executive branches (with the executive having most control) -
he ruled for about 30 years, he created a conservative, centralized government. he had the support of the army, foreign capitalists, large landowners, and the catholic church.
growing forces for change will lead to a revolution. -
Japan holds regional elections, the first democratic elections outside of the West
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the new government gave most authority to the executive branch,
in theory, the emperor excersided all executive authority, but he actually was just a display, the real authority vested on the prime minister. -
the new political system, was democratic in form but authoritarian in practice.
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A new Mexican Constitution is drafted and Carranza is elected president
