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Japan- Korea Treaty
A treaty that Japan forced Korea to sign stating: Korea was no longer a tributary state to China, Japanese citizens could not be arrested or tried in Korean courts, Korea could not impose any restrictions on Japanese trade, and Japan was allowed to use their ports for its exports. -
Coup d'état
Supporters of Japan overthrow the Korean government briefly and a counter-coup is soon launched with the help of Chinese troops -
Assassination of Empress Myeongseong
Japan installs a government in Korea and assassinates its main opposition leader, Empress Myeongseong -
Meiji Constitution
Formed by the Privy Council and stated that the Emperor of Japan was the head of the state and he was divine. It also gave the military tremendous independence and reported directly to the Emperor and holding to cabinet positions in all governments. This constitution also required all laws and cabinet decisions to be agreed by all minister. -
Boxer Rebellion
An anti-foreign, and anti- Christian revolt in China that was eventually joined by government soldiers with support from the Qing Dynasty. It was soon put down by foreign troops. -
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First Sino- Japanese War
Japan's essential take over of Korea in 1894 and the gain of even more rights caused the Qing Dynasty to declare war on Japan in August 1894. By October, Chinese troops had been driven out of Korea and Japan began the invasion of Manchuria -
Treaty of Shimonoseki
This treaty was signed by Japan and Chia after China had suffered nothing but defeat. This treaty: granted Korea full independence from China, gave Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan, required Chia to pay a large indemnity to Japan, and allowed Japanese ships to operate on the Yangtze River, and to have factories in 4 Chinese ports that would now be completely open to Japanese imports. -
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
The first military alliance for Japan in modern times: and stated that Japan and Britain would aid each other militarily if either was at war with two or more countries and if either country was at war with only one other state, then the other would remain neutral. -
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Russo- Japanese War
Tensions between Russia and Japna built as Japan was trying to control ports and Manchuria. Russia began to pressure Korea to grant mining and forestry rights and did not remove their troops after the Boxer Rebellion which also provoked Japan. Japan attacked the Russian navy Port Author and soon launched an invasion of Korea. Japan entered Russian-controlled Manchuria, defeated the Russian navy at Port Author, and seized it by land and sea. -
Treaty of Portsmouth
Brought the Russo-Japanese War to a close. Negotiated by the US and: required both Russia and Japan to remove all troops from Manchuria and restore it to China's control, allowed Japan to lease the Liaodong Peninsula and Port Aruthir from China, and granted Japan the southern half of Sakhalin Island -
Shantung Peninsula
Japan captures the Stantung Peninsula from Germany after a two-month naval blocage and a month-long siege. During this period Japan took control of various German colonies in the Pacific: Palau, the archipelagos of the Marianas, the Marshalls and the Carolines. -
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The First World War
During this time Japan demonstrated its strength which was primarily directed at Germany and China -
Twenty-One Demands Presented to China
Japan presented this document to China with 21 demands that benefited Japan. China delayed response until May and Japan threated war if they did not agree. The document was eventually modified and reduced the demands to 13. -
Paris Peace Conference
A meeting of all the World Powers. Japan helped determine the nature of the world's peace after WWI and helped establish the League of Nations. Japan was granted supervision but not outright annexation of the Mandate of the South Pacific, Germany's islands -
Conscription
Japan institutes conscription and increases the size of its military to secure its new acquisitions of power and obtain more. -
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Washington Naval Conference and treaties
Developed the Four-Power, Five-Power, and Nine-Power treaties. The four-power treaty ended the Anglo- Japanese Treaty and the nine- power treaty required Japan to remove its troops from the Shantung Peninsula and called on all nations to respect China's independence and borders. -
Manchuria's Independence
Under Zhang Zoulin's rule, Manchuria declares Independence and is relatively isolated from the wars that consumed other parts of China -
The Positive Policy
The Positive Policy towards China was adopted by Japan's government, which meant: Japan would treat Manchuria as a special case and not related to its other concerns in the rest of China. -
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The Great Depression
A worldwide economic depression that led to massive unemployment, political instability, hunger and poverty, among other issues -
London Naval Conference
Britain, USA, Japan, and other countries met in London to review their naval agreements and agreed to reduce/ halt the increasing of their navies to prevent an arms race and because of the stress of the Depression -
Muckden Incident
A bomb, planted by the Kwantung, was exploded on the track of the Japanese-owned South Manchuria Railway. The army blamed “Chinese terrorists” and seized the city of Mukden, proclaiming a need to protect Japanese life and property. Kwantung continued to take Manchuria and when Prime Minister Inukai tried to halt this aggression, he was assassinated in 1932 by naval officers -
Manchuko
By September of 1932 the Japanese create a puppet state called Manchukuo -
Umezu-He Agreement
This agreement demilitarizes much of northern China, removing Chinese armies and Mengjang is formed by Japan -
Second United Front Forms
The Second United Front Formed between Chinese factions to oppose Japan -
26 February Incident
The finance minister responsible for the tax burden on the citizens is assassinated and is replaced by a military appointee, and military needs begin to dominate the Japanese government. The military-controlled government adopts a 12-year plan to modernize and expand armed forces. -
Capturing Nanjing and the Nanjing Massacre
Japan organized the Central China Area Army in November to move against Nanjing, and this city was under siege by 9 December and captured on 13 December.
The Nanjing Massacre (about 300,000 people killed): is when the head of the Japanese army ordered that any Chinese be captured and executed and as Japanese troops moved through, the troops executed captured Chinese soldiers, looted the property of Chinese civilians, and raped women and children. -
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Chinese and Japanese troops fought briefly at the Marco Polo Bridge and Japan's government demanded an apology from China but the government refused and by the end of July both countries had sent large armies into northern China to begin fighting. -
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The Second- Sino Japanese War
A war between China and Japan as Japan continues to try and expand more and more into China in order to: take control of RAILWAYS, CITIES, and PORTS, hoping that by severing supply lines, China’s armies would collapse and Japan would achieve complete victory. This war continues longer than expected because China was being supplied by the Soviet Union. Overall Japan was victorious -
Soviet-Japanese fighting along Manchukuo border
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Soviet-Japanese fighting in Mongolia
Soviet-Japanese fighting in Mongolia and the Soviets take territory to end fighting -
The Nazi-Soviet Pact
This was a new non- aggression pact which promised that neither German nor the Soviet Union would interfere with the plans and policies of the other and Germany also agreed to supply the Soviets with weapons, while the Soviets agreed to provide Germany with raw materials and other products. -
The Tripartite Pact
As a result of the German and the Soviet Union treaty, the Japan government collapsed and worked to build better relations with the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy.
This pact created a formal alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan. -
Dissolution of the Second United Front
After the Sino-Japanese War, China’s government tried to stay strong and keep the Japanese forced tied down so they would soon run out of resources and simply leave totally exhausted and unable to achieve overall victory; however, Chiang and his government soon loss support and were known a corrupt. This caused the Second United Front (the union of the CCP and KMT) to collapse. -
Japan occupies all French Indochina
In July 1941, Japan occupies the rest of French Indochina and the US immediately responds by: freezing all Japanese assets in the US, banning the sale of oil to Japan, and granting $240 million to China for military purchases. -
The Oil Embargo
The US bands oil sales to Japan and Japan suffers greatly because the US was the largest supplier of oil to Japan. -
The Hull Note
This is a note from the US to Japan demanding that Japan: remove all its troops from Indochina and China, including Manchuria, end its participation in the Tripartite Alliance, and repudiate the Republic of China that Japan had created. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor and the Pacific
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the main US naval base in the US territory of Hawaii. On this same day, Japan also attacks other US-held territories (Guam and Wake Island). Japanese troops also invaded Malaya and attacked British naval vessels in this area. -
US Declared War on Japan
The day after the attack on Pearl Harbour, the US declared war with Japan and would eventually lead to Japan's defeat in August of 1945 -
Japan captures all of Malaya and Singapore and Japan attacks Britian's great port in China, Hong Kong